跳至主要内容

Interaction of Glufosinate and Colletotrichum truncatum on Ammonia Levels and Glutamine Synthetase Activity in Hemp Sesbania

Hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) is an erect, annual plant noted for prolific branching, large, yellow flowers, and distinctive curved seed pods and has high reproductive capacity. It is a vigorous, nodulating, epigeal, leguminous weed in soybean, cotton and rice and can attain a height of 3 m. It is also deemed one of the 10 most troublesome weeds in the southern U.S. and can reduce crop yield through shading and competition. Until now, no pre- or post-emergent herbicide can provide season-long control of hemp sesbania.

In fact, biological weed control using plant pathogens (bioherbicides) has received attention by academic and industrial researchers for quite some time and combinations of bioherbicides and herbicides have been examined to discover possible synergistic interactions to improve weed control efficacy. However, many herbicides exhibit toxicity towards bioherbicides, caused by either the active ingredient and/or the various adjuvants, surfactants, etc. (inert ingredients) formulated in the commercial products.

The enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a pivotal role in nitrogen metabolism and is responsible for the condensation of ammonium ion and glutamate to produce glutamine. This metabolic reaction is vital for glutamine synthesis and for ammonia re-assimilation and detoxification in plants. Glufosinate, originally isolated from Streptomyces species as phosphinothricin, inhibits GS and causes toxic levels of ammonia to accumulate in plants.

In this study, the authors aimed to test for these possible interactions by a series of growth, GS assay, and ammonia analysis experiments using hemp sesbania treated with Colletotrichum truncatum (CT), glufosinate, and their combination under controlled environmental conditions.

These experiments demonstrated that glufosinate inhibition of growth was expressed in the combination of herbicide and bioherbicide treatment, and the effect on collapsed stem tissue also appeared, but was generally weaker and appeared later in the time course. This could be explained since glufosinate exhibited some growth inhibition to C. truncatum when conidia were grown on PDA supplemented with the herbicide. Compared to glufosinate, CT treatment did not cause substantial growth reduction or GS inhibition and ammonia increases until after ~40 h.


Article by Robert E. Hoagland, et al, from USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, USA.

Full access: http://mrw.so/4TTCAi

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Electron Spin and Proton Spin in the Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Like Atomic Systems

Read full paper at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52202#.VIj7tMnQrzE Author(s) Stanisław Olszewski * Affiliation(s) Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland . ABSTRACT The mechanical angular momentum and magnetic moment of the electron and proton spin have been calculated semiclassically with the aid of the uncertainty principle for energy and time. The spin effects of both kinds of the elementary particles can be expressed in terms of similar formulae. The quantization of the spin motion has been done on the basis of the old quantum theory. It gives a quantum number n = 1/2 as the index of the spin state acceptable for both the electron and proton ...
发表评论
阅读全文

Effects of Karate Training on Basic Motor Abilities of Primary School Children

“You never attack first in karate” might be the best conclusion of karate, which is a martial art practiced typically without weapons. It’s reported that karate has a long history for several hundred years, but the modern karate was spread to the whole Japan from Okinawa in the early part of 20th century. Now it has become one of the most widely practiced martial art forms in the world. Usually, it’s divided into Kihon, Kata and Kumite. As for the beginners, Kihon is more suitable for them because it involves basic techniques. Due to karate consists of dynamic offensive and defensive techniques using all parts of the body to their maximum advantage, the best understanding of true karate practice is the perfection of oneself through the perfection of the art. It not only develops coordination, quickens reflexes, and builds stamina, but also develops composure, a clearer thought process, deeper insight into one’s mental capabilities, and more self-confidence. So many researchers stu...
发表评论
阅读全文

Incorporation of High-Altitude Balloon Experiment in High School Science Classrooms

High-altitude balloon is a balloon, filled usually with helium or hydrogen that ascends into an area called “near space” or stratosphere. The most common type of high-altitude balloons are weather balloons. Other purposes include use as a platform for experiments in the upper atmosphere. Modern balloons generally contain electronic equipment such as radio transmitters, cameras, or satellite navigation systems, such as GPS receivers. The mission of the High-Altitude Balloon Experiment (HABE) is to acquire supporting data, validate enabling technologies, and resolve critical acquisition, tracking, and pointing (ATP) and fire control issues in support of future space-based precision pointing experiments. The use of high-altitude balloons offers a relatively low-cost, low-vibration test platform, a recoverable and reusable payload, worldwide launch capability, and a 'near- space' emulation of the future space systems operational scenarios. More recently, several university...
1 条评论
阅读全文