跳至主要内容

Electron Spin and Proton Spin in the Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Like Atomic Systems

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52202#.VIj7tMnQrzE

The mechanical angular momentum and magnetic moment of the electron and proton spin have been calculated semiclassically with the aid of the uncertainty principle for energy and time. The spin effects of both kinds of the elementary particles can be expressed in terms of similar formulae. The quantization of the spin motion has been done on the basis of the old quantum theory. It gives a quantum number n = 1/2 as the index of the spin state acceptable for both the electron and proton particle. In effect of the spin existence the electron motion in the hydrogen atom can be represented as a drift motion accomplished in a combined electric and magnetic field. More than 18,000 spin oscillations accompany one drift circulation performed along the lowest orbit of the Bohr atom. The semiclassical theory developed in the paper has been applied to calculate the doublet separation of the experimentally well-examined D line entering the spectrum of the sodium atom. This separation is found to be much similar to that obtained according to the relativistic old quantum theory.
Cite this paper
Olszewski, S. (2014) Electron Spin and Proton Spin in the Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Like Atomic Systems. Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 2030-2040. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2014.518199.

[1] Bohr, N. (1922) The Theory of Spectra and the Atomic Constitution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
[2] Landau, L.D. and Lifshitz, E.M. (1972) Quantum Mechanics (in Russian). Izd. Nauka, Moscow.
[3] Olszewski, S. (2011) Journal of Modern Physics, 2, 1305.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2011.211161
[4] Olszewski, S. (2012) Journal of Modern Physics, 3, 217.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2012.33030
[5] Olszewski, S. (2012) Quantum Matter, 1, 127.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/qm.2012.1010
[6] Olszewski, S. (2014) Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 1264.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2014.514127
[7] Tolansky, S. (1948) Hyperfine Structure in Line Spectra and Nuclear Spin. 2nd Edition, Methuen, London.
[8] Ruark, A.E. (1928) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 14, 322.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.14.4.322
[9] Flint, H.E. (1928) Proceedings of the Royal Society A, London, 117, 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1928.0025
[10] Flint, H.E. and Richardson, O.W. (1928) Proceedings of the Royal Society A, London, 117, 637.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1928.0026
[11] Jammer, M. (1966) The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics. McGraw-Hill, New York.
[12] Slater, J.C. (1967) Quantum Theory of Molecules and Solids. Vol. 3, McGraw-Hill, New York.
[13] Landau, L.D. and Lifshitz, E.M. (1969) Mechanics. Electrodynamics (in Russian). Izd. Nauka, Moscow.
[14] Kittel, C. (1987) Quantum Theory of Solids. 2nd Edition, Wiley, New York.
[15] Onsager, L. (1952) The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 43, 1006-1008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786440908521019
[16] Beck, E. (1919) Annalen der Physik, 305, 109-148.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/andp.19193651802
[17] Uhlenbeck, G.E. and Goudsmit, S.A. (1925) Die Naturwissenschaften, 13, 953-954.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01558878
[18] Matveev, A.N. (1964) Electrodynamics and the Theory of Relativity (in Russian). Izd. Wyzszaja Szkola, Moscow.
[19] Schiff, L.I. (1968) Quantum Mechanics. 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
[20] White, H.E. (1934) Introduction to Atomic Spectra. McGraw-Hill, New York.
[21] Millikan, R.A. and Bowen, I. (1924) Physical Review, 23, 1.
[22] Rubinowicz, A. (1933) Handbuch der Physik. In: Geiger, H. and Scheel, K., Eds., Vol. 24, Part 1, Springer, Berlin.
[23] Rose, M.E. (1961) Relativistic Electron Theory. Wiley, New York.
[24] Avery, J. (1976) Creation and Annihilation Operators. McGraw-Hill, New York.
[25] Kobos, A.M. (2013) Postepy Fizyki, 64, 86.                  eww141211lx
  
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

A Study on the Seismic Isolation Systems of Bridges with Lead Rubber Bearings

Read full paper at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52566#.VJt06cCAM4 Author(s)   Woo-Suk Kim , Dong-Joon Ahn , Jong-Kook Lee Affiliation(s) School of Architecture, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea . ABSTRACT This study consists of the development and presentation of example of seismic isolation system analysis and design for a continuous, 3-span, cast-in-place concrete box girder bridge. It is expected that example is developed for all Lead-Rubber Bearing (LRB) seismic isolation system on piers and abutments which placed in between super-structure and sub-structure. Design forces, displacements, and drifts are given distinctive consideration in...
发表评论
阅读全文

Effects of Karate Training on Basic Motor Abilities of Primary School Children

“You never attack first in karate” might be the best conclusion of karate, which is a martial art practiced typically without weapons. It’s reported that karate has a long history for several hundred years, but the modern karate was spread to the whole Japan from Okinawa in the early part of 20th century. Now it has become one of the most widely practiced martial art forms in the world. Usually, it’s divided into Kihon, Kata and Kumite. As for the beginners, Kihon is more suitable for them because it involves basic techniques. Due to karate consists of dynamic offensive and defensive techniques using all parts of the body to their maximum advantage, the best understanding of true karate practice is the perfection of oneself through the perfection of the art. It not only develops coordination, quickens reflexes, and builds stamina, but also develops composure, a clearer thought process, deeper insight into one’s mental capabilities, and more self-confidence. So many researchers stu...
发表评论
阅读全文