Scientific Research Publishing

Read  full  paper  at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53863#.VNm0byzQrzE Author(s)     Jaesung Choi 1* , David C. Roberts 2   Affiliation(s) 1 Transportation and Logistics Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA . 2 Department of Agribusiness & Applied Economics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA . ABSTRACT A variety of research fields has analyzed actual productivity change from environmental pollution through the Malmquist environmental productivity index, but to our best knowledge, no research has thus far been conducted in the transportation sector to evaluate the effects of a CO 2 emissions change on actual productivity. For this reason, this study reviews how actual productivity in the US transportation sector has been affected by the CO 2 emissions change for 2002-2012 and then reveals the driving forces behind it. We find that a CO 2 emissions increase fro...

Read  full  paper  at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53863#.VNhjDizQrzE A variety of research fields has analyzed actual productivity change from environmental pollution through the Malmquist environmental productivity index, but to our best knowledge, no research has thus far been conducted in the transportation sector to evaluate the effects of a CO 2 emissions change on actual productivity. For this reason, this study reviews how actual productivity in the US transportation sector has been affected by the CO 2 emissions change for 2002-2012 and then reveals the driving forces behind it. We find that a CO 2 emissions increase from 2002 to 2007 has a negative effect on actual productivity in the US transportation sector, but the CO 2 emissions reduction for 2008-2011 increases actual productivity. A state mainly showing a sustainable growing pattern (decrease in CO 2 emissions and increase in actual productivity) experiences...

Read full paper at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52911#.VKyah8nQrzE Author(s)   Mohammad Afkhami Karaei * , Ali Ahmadi , Hooman Fallah , Shahrokh Bahrami Kashkooli , Jahangir Talebi Bahmanbeglo Affiliation(s) Department of Petroleum Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad Branch, Firoozabad, Iran . ABSTRACT Vast amounts of world oil reservoirs are in natural fractured reservoirs. There are different methods for increasing recovery from fractured reservoirs. Miscible injection of water alternating CO 2   is a good choice among EOR methods. In this method, water and CO 2   slugs are injected alternatively in reservoir as miscible agent into reservoir. This paper studies water injection scenario and miscible injection of water and CO 2   in a two dimensional, inhomogeneous fractured reservoir. The results show that miscible water alternating CO 2   gas injection leads to 3.95% increase in final oil ...