Scientific Research Publishing

Read  full  paper  at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53349#.VL71MCzQrzE \ Author(s)    Yu. A. Minaev Affiliation(s) Mining and Metallurgy Division, Russian Academy of Natural Science, Moscow,  Russia. ABSTRACT The phenomena of the first order phase transition (two-dimensional melting) of grain boundary at temperatures 0.6 - 0.9 T S0 (of the solid state melting point), discovered by the author (1971), is a fundamental property of solid crystalline materials. This finding leads to a principal revision of the scientific concepts of the solid state of substance. The phenomenological description and justification of the finding are developed. The generalized equation of Clausius-Clapeyron type for two-dimensional phase transition was obtained by applying the mathematical tools of the film thermodynamics. The equation has been used for calculating the grain boundary phase transition(GBPhT) temperature T Sf of any...

Read full paper at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=47501#.VFhF02fHRK0 Author(s) R. R. Janot Pacheco , M. E. S. R. Silva , R. G. Sousa , R. F. S. Freitas Affiliation(s) Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil . Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil . Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil . Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil . ABSTRACT Hydrogels based on acrylamide (AA) and sodium methacryla...

Read full paper at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=47933#.VFbtn2fHRK0 Author(s) Makoto Watanabe Affiliation(s) Faculty of Humanity and Environment, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan . ABSTRACT Dynamics is studied for one-dimensional single-lane traffic flow by means of an extended optimal-velocity model with continuously varied bottleneck strength for nonlinear roads. Two phases exist in this model such as free flow and wide moving jam states in the systems having relatively small values of the bottleneck strength parameter. In addition to the two phases, locally congested phaseappears as the strength becomes prominent. Jam formation occurs with the similar mechanism to the boomerang ef...