Scientific Research Publishing

Read full paper at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52082#.VIpmhsnQrzE Author(s)   Allen D. Allen * Affiliation(s) Physics Division, New Terra Enterprises, Los Angles, USA . ABSTRACT A well-known, classical conundrum, which is related to conditional probability, has heretofore only been used for games and puzzles. It is shown here, both empirically and formally, that the counterintuitive phenomenon in question has consequences that are far more profound, especially for physics. A simple card game the reader can play at home demonstrates the counterintuitive phenomenon, and shows how it gives rise to hidden variables. These variables are “hidden” in the sense that they belong to the p...

Read full paper at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=51266#.VGGfIWfHRK0 Author(s) Hiroaki Yoshida 1 , Katsuhito Yamaguchi 2 , Yoshio Ishikawa 1 Affiliation(s) 1 College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan . 2 Junior College, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan . ABSTRACT The conventional optimization methods were generally based on a deterministic approach, since their purpose is to find out an accurate solution. However, when the solution space is extremely narrowed as a result of setting many inequality constraints, an ingenious scheme based on experience may be needed. Similarly, parameters must be adjusted with solution search algorithms when nonlinearity of ...