跳至主要内容

Quantum Effects from a Simple Card Game

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52082#.VIpmhsnQrzE

Author(s) 
A well-known, classical conundrum, which is related to conditional probability, has heretofore only been used for games and puzzles. It is shown here, both empirically and formally, that the counterintuitive phenomenon in question has consequences that are far more profound, especially for physics. A simple card game the reader can play at home demonstrates the counterintuitive phenomenon, and shows how it gives rise to hidden variables. These variables are “hidden” in the sense that they belong to the past and no longer exist. A formal proof shows that the results are due to the duration of what can be thought of as a gambler’s bet, without loss of generalization. The bet is over when it is won or lost, analogous to the collapse of a wave function. In the meantime, new and empowering information does not change the original probabilities. A related thought experiment involving a pregnant woman demonstrates that macroscopic systems do not always have states that are completely intrinsic. Rather, the state of a macroscopic system may depend upon how the experiment is set up and how the system is measured even though no wave functions are involved. This obviously mitigates the chasm between the quantum mechanical and the classical.
Cite this paper
Allen, A. (2014) Quantum Effects from a Simple Card Game. Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 1999-2002. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2014.518195. 
 

[1] Shimojo, S. and Ichikawa, S. (1989) Cognition, 32, 1-24.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(89)90012-7
[2] Faulk, R. (1992) Cognition, 43, 197-223.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(92)90012-7
[3] Bar-Hillel, M. (1989) Philosophy of Science, 56, 348-358.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/289493
[4] Gorroochurn, P. (2012) Bertrand’s Strange Three Boxes. In: Classical Problems of Probability, Wiley, Hoboken.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118314340.ch18
[5] Rosenhouse, J. (2009) The Monty Hall Problem. Oxford University Press, NY.
[6] Fernandez, L. and Piron, R. (1999) Mathematics Magazine, 72, 214-217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2690884
[7] Allen, A.D. (2015) How to Get Lucky. Publish Green, Minneapolis.
[8] Zurek, W. (2014) Physics Today, 67, 44-50.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.2550                          eww141212lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文