Scientific Research Publishing

Soybean products are the source of phytochemicals with the range of nutritional benefits. Among many soybean products, tofu is one of the most popular soy food products in many countries. Tofu is not only rich in proteins and unsaturated fatty acids; it is also rich in range of isoflavones. Isoflavone, a group of phytoestrogen, reduces postmenopausal symptoms and the risk of osteoporosis of women. Glycosidic forms of isoflavones are presented in non-fermented soyfoods and they are less bioavailable than the aglycone isoflavones. Aglycone forms of isoflavones or more bioavailable forms can be increased by acid hydrolysis during tofu processing. The present study investigated the possibility of increasing the aglycone forms of isoflavones by acid hydrolysis. The authors used five types of tofu in this study: soybean tofu with hydrolysis, soybean meal tofu with hydrolysis, soybean tofu in general process, soybean meal tofu in general process...

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for some vital structural and metabolic functions of plants and its deficiency can reduce energy transfer and even lead to a breakdown of cell membranes. P deficiency can limit photosynthesis either indirectly by reducing the total leaf area of a plant. And its supply and uptake by plants are strongly influenced by soil temperature. However, the interactive effects of the two factors on the physiological responses of plants to global change are poorly understood. In this study, the authors examined how P supply and T soil  interacted in affecting physiological responses in white birch ( Betula papyrifera ) to [CO 2 ]. They exposed seedlings to 7°C, 17°C and 27°C T soil , 0.1479, 0.3029 and 0.5847 mM P 2 O 5 , and 360 and 720 μmol·mol -1  [CO 2 ] for four months. Six seedlings per treatment combination were randomly selected for measuring photosynthetic response curves to [CO 2 ] after four months of treatment. The authors have found...

Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport in which individuals or groups of five or more manipulate one or two pieces of apparatus: rope, hoop, ball, clubs, ribbon and freehand (no apparatus). It is also a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. Judges, based on the code of points, evaluate routines performed to instrumental music and on apparatus per the D panel and the E panel. An upper limit and a lower limit of the number of performing body difficulty (BD) elements are outlined in the conventional code of points. Time allocation is the key to keep pace with the code of points system covering diversified difficulty value of elements. In this study, the authors aimed to clarify trends of rhythmic gymnastics performance and to obtain fundamental data for the composition of routines. The study surveyed women’s individual games and four events at the 2013 All-Japan Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships (27 gymnasts), the 2013 World Cham...

There are a number of publications that report on how to culture plant pathogens on various types of growth media. The ingredients of culture media, natural or synthetic, along with other factors like light, pH, and temperature, will affect the growth of microbes including vegetative growth and production of reproductive (asexual or sexual) structures or other survival structures. In recent years, media containing soybean products have been used to culture microbes including plant pathogens, however, culture media made from soymilk have not been tested for culturing soybean pathogens. In this study, a comparison was made between soybean milk medium, also referred to as soymilk, and media traditionally used for culturing soybean pathogens to determine if soymilk medium was an effective medium for growth of Colletotrichum truncatum ,  Fusarium virguliforme ,  Macrophomina phaseolina ,  Passalora sojina ,  Phomopsis longicolla ,  Phytophthora sojae ,  Py...

Consumers and dairy industry are highly interested in the healthy value of products which in part depends on levels of those milk fatty acids (FA) having a potential negative effect on human health. In this study, thirty-six Pampinta ewes (3 lactations, 50 ± 2.5 days in milk) were used in a completely randomized design to examine the effectiveness of soybean (SO) and linseed (LO) oils to reduce the concentration of the atherogenic fatty acids (FA) of milk (C12:0 to C16:0) and increase the content of conjugated linoleic ( cis -9,  trans -11 C18:2) also called rumenic acid (RA) and vaccenic acids ( trans -11C18:1, VA). Six ewes per treatment received a Control diet alone (71% alfalfa hay and 29% concentrate) or supplemented (0.24 kg/ewe·day) with pure oils (SO100 or LO100) or their blend at (%) SO75-LO25, SO50-LO50 and SO25-LO75. The experiment was carried out at the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA). Milk yield, milk fat content and milk fat secretion wer...

Lycopene is a major pigment in tomatoes that is largely responsible for the red color, and it has also important health properties. As a natural source of antioxidant, lycopene can prevent epithelial cancers and improve heart health, preventing heart attacks and strokes. Since tomatoes and related products are a major source of lycopene, it is very important to consider the source of carotenoids (lycopene) in the human diet. The tomato skin contains 72% - 92% of the lycopene that is found in the water insoluble fraction and in conventional hot-break processing, the majority of the outer tissues are discarded as waste. Then, improving the quality of tomato products as well as reducing the production cost will benefit greatly the tomato growers, processors, and the consumers. In this study, the authors aimed to develop a novel processing technology to process whole tomatoes by a twin-screw continuous processor to provide high temperature with shear. They evaluated the quality of t...

Executive functions (EF) are recognized as expressions of the cognitive development and as processes that control the action or attention toward a target. And cognitive development, which is related with central nervous system maturation, plays a crucial role for the definition of executive functions such as movement imagination, movement planning and problem-solving. In particular, executive functions are required during complex interactions between players/environment and are also fundamental for motor skills coordination. Although the complex interaction between cognitive and physical outcomes was recognized by several authors, few studies examined the magnitude of the relation between executive functions and motor development according to different stages of cognitive maturation. Thus the aim was the assessment of the relationships between motor skills coordination and executive functions in children with different cognitive le...