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Soil Temperature and Phosphorus Supply Interactively Affect Physiological Responses of White Birch to CO2 Elevation

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for some vital structural and metabolic functions of plants and its deficiency can reduce energy transfer and even lead to a breakdown of cell membranes. P deficiency can limit photosynthesis either indirectly by reducing the total leaf area of a plant. And its supply and uptake by plants are strongly influenced by soil temperature. However, the interactive effects of the two factors on the physiological responses of plants to global change are poorly understood.

In this study, the authors examined how P supply and Tsoil interacted in affecting physiological responses in white birch (Betula papyrifera) to [CO2]. They exposed seedlings to 7°C, 17°C and 27°C Tsoil, 0.1479, 0.3029 and 0.5847 mM P2O5, and 360 and 720 μmol·mol-1 [CO2] for four months. Six seedlings per treatment combination were randomly selected for measuring photosynthetic response curves to [CO2] after four months of treatment. The authors have found that both the low soil temperature and CO2 elevation resulted in photosynthetic down regulation, but the specific mechanisms of the down regulation were different between the two treatments, particularly the relative contributions of biochemical and photochemical capacity, mesophyll conductance and sink strength for carbohydrate utilization to the down regulation.

Furthermore, the data suggested that morphological adjustments, such as reduced leaf size and total leaf area, were the primary form of responses in white birch to low phosphorus supply and no significant physiological acclimation to P supply was detected. The results suggest that white birch will likely enhance water use efficiency under the projected future climate conditions with doubled carbon dioxide concentration, particularly at warmer soil temperatures. Although a trade-off between water use efficiency and nutrient use efficiency is widely accepted, the results suggest that there does not have to be a trade-off between the two, for instance, CO2 elevation increased both use efficiencies and low soil temperature and reduced nitrogen efficiency without affecting water use efficiency under elevated CO2.

Article by Gabriel Danyagri and Qing-Lai Dang, from Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.

Full access: http://mrw.so/2Wyf8h
Image by Larry Krause, from Flickr-cc.

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