Tourism service trade is a kind of
service trade, which refers to the activities that one country or region’s
tourism practitioners provide service and get paid in use of the controlled
tourism resources to consumers of other countries or regions. At present, the
tourism industry is an important pillar industry in China, tourism service
trade has always been an important source of China’s service trade income.
However, China’s tourism service trade deficit occurred for the first time in
2009, and continued to expand. As to 2014, the deficit widened to $113.6
billion, sharing 57.7% of the service trade deficit. Although to some extent,
the tourism trade deficit alleviates the relations between China and the other
countries, the long-term deficit will also harm the interests of the country.
In this paper, the data comes in large part from “Tourism Statistic Yearbook of
China” and China’s National Bureau of Statistics, which are used to analyze the
deficit of China’s tourism service trade.
In general, the overall scale of China’s
tourism service trade rose sharply. Before 2008, China’s tourism service trade,
as one of the only two trades in services which is in state of surplus in
China, played an important role in increasing foreign exchange income and
balancing the international payments. The tourism service trade surplus has
been partly offset China’s trade deficit for many years. Due to the financial
crisis and other factors, the global economy continued to slump since 2008.
China’s inbound tourism slowed down significantly. The number of China’s
inbound tourists and the inbound tourism foreign exchange earnings are
significantly reduced.
Since the new century, with the
continuous improvement of people’s living standards and the rapid development
of the national economy, the growth rate of outbound tourism enlarged
significantly. After 2009, outbound tourism spending and the number of outbound
tourists increased by an average annual rate of 28.2% and 16.62%. In 2012,
China’s outbound tourism market had exceeded Germany and the United States,
becoming the world’s largest outbound tourism market.
This paper gives some analysis of the
Causes of China’s Tourism Service Trade Deficit. First, in recent years, the
government introduced a series of policies to guide the national tourism
consumption, driving the development of domestic tourism and outbound tourism market.
Second, the rapid development of the domestic economy promotes outbound
tourism. From the development of global tourism destination, the motivation of
tourists enhance with per capita GDP growth. Third, rising domestic prices and
the appreciation of the RMB lead to more and more people choose to travel
aboard. Forth, the value of RCA of China declined since 2008, which shows that
the level of international competitiveness is not stable, although China is a
large outbound country, but it does not belong to the tourism service trade.
Fifth, the tourism product structure is single, and the high quality service is
provided by the foreign tourism destinations. Finally, poor environment has a
negative impact on inbound tourism.
There are some countermeasures and
suggestions to get out of the plight of deficit of tourism services trade.
First, Macro-Control by government to guide the development of tourism industry.
Second, relax the visa caliber appropriately，take
measures to control outbound tourism. Third, maintain the overall level of
price and the RMB exchange rate relatively stable. Forth, optimize the
international tourism enterprises and products; improve the competitiveness of
china’s tourism service trade. Fifth, optimize the structure of china’s tourism
service trade, improve the related infrastructure system. Last, improve
environmental awareness, establish good tourist environment.
Article
by Chunfan Guo, Chuan Liao from Jinan University, China.
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