跳至主要内容

Crystal Structure of BaxSr1-xTiO3 Fine Powder

Read  full  paper  at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53589#.VMnhiCzQrzE

ABSTRACT
Various compositions of the system BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) have been elaborated both as fine powders and ceramic monoliths, using the co-precipitation route within a warmed supersaturated solution of oxalic acid. The appropriate stoichiometry was determined from the mixtures of precisely titrated aqueous solutions of cations chlorides (SrCl2, BaCl2, and TiCl4). The reason of this process was to apply low sintering temperature in production of BST samples with ultra-fine powders. These powders primarily calcined at (850°C) for (5 hr) were used to elaborate ceramics after pellets sintering at (1200°C) during (8 hrs). Indeed, XRD patterns were confirmed that the samples are a pure phase and a perovskite cubic structural type at (x = 0, 0.5, 0.6). Whereas, (x = 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1) showed a tetragonal phase. There is agreement between the FTIR and XRD analysis, by the relation of the wave vector (K) and lattice constant. It was deduced a stimulated relation between (x) and (K). The results of TEM, they were clear that the lowest particle sizes investigated of BST powders nearly (36 - 50 nm).
 
Cite this paper
Mahmood, N. , Al-Shakarchi, E. , Elouadi, B. and Feaugas, X. (2015) Crystal Structure of BaxSr1-xTiO3 Fine Powder. Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 70-77. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2015.61009.
 
References
[1]Kao, K. (2004) Dielectric Phenomena in Solids. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego.
 
[2]Mantese, J. and Alpay, S. (2005) Graded Ferroelectrics, Transpacitors and Transponent. Ch. 2, Springer, USA.
 
[3]Muller, K.A. and Kool, T.W., Eds. (2010) Properties of Perovskites and Other Oxides. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., USA.
 
[4]Hung, K.M., Yang, W.D. and Huang, C. (2003) Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 23, 1901-1910.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00431-4
 
[5]Sharma, P.K., Varadan, V.V. and Varadan V.K. (2003) Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 23, 659-666.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00191-7
 
[6]Razak, K.A., Asadov, A., Yoo, J., Haemmerle, E. and Gao, W. (2008) Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 449, 19-23.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.02.093
 
[7]Brankovic, G., Brankovic, Z., Goes, M.S., Paiva, C.O., Cilense, M., Varela, J.A. and Longo, E. (2005) Materials Science and Engineering: B, 122, 140-144.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2005.05.016
 
[8]Hwu, J., Yu, W., Yang, W., Chen, Y. and Chou, Y. (2005) Materials Research Bulletin, 40, 1662-1679.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2005.05.019
 
[9]Kim, S., Lee, M., Noh, T. and Lee, C. (1996) Journal of Materials Science, 31, 3643-3645.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352772
 
[10]Mahmood, N.B. and Al-Shakarchi, E.K. (2011) Journal of Modern Physics, 2, 1420-1428.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2011.211175
 
[11]Khollam, Y.B., Deshpande, S.B., Potdar, H.S., Bhoraskar, S.V., Sainkar, S.R. and Date, S.K. (2005) Materials Characterization, 54, 63-74.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2004.11.002
 
[12]Jhung, S., Lee, J., Yoon, J., Hwang, Y., Hwang, Y., Park, S. and Chang, J. (2004) Materials Letters, 58, 3161-3165.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2004.06.006
 
[13]Simon-Seveyrat, L., Hajjaji, A., Emziane, Y., Guiffard, B. and Guyomar, D. (2007) Ceramics International, 3, 35-40.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2005.07.019
 
[14]Khollam, Y., Bhoraskar, S., Deshpande, S., Potdar, H., Pavaskar, N., Sainkar, S. and Date, S. (2003) Materials Letters, 57, 1871-1879.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(02)01091-1
 
[15]Hahn, T. (2005) International Tables for Crystallography. Volume A: Space-Group Symmetry. Springer, New York.
 
[16]Kao, C.F. and Yang, W.D. (1999) Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 13, 383-397.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0739(199905)13:5<383::AID-
AOC836>3.0.CO;2-P
 
[17]Verma, K., Sharma, S., Sharma, D.K., Kumar, R. and Rai, R. (2012) Advanced Materials Letters, 3, 44-49.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2011.5264                 eww150129lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文