For thousands of years, humanity has wondered whether there is life outside the Earth. Observations of more than 1000 extrasolar planets indicate that many of them possess physical conditions close to those of Venus, not of Earth. Therefore, the planet Venus, with its dense and hot (460°C), waterless, oxygen-free atmosphere of CO2, having a high pressure of 9.2 MPa at the surface has been investigated as a natural laboratory for this kinds, using archive VENERA mission TV-data obtained 32 years ago. A result is surprising: Most likely, the question on the existence of extraterrestrial life will be answered not as a result of its search for in other worlds removed by distances of dozens of parsecs but on the surface of Venus, i.e., of the nearest planet of the Solar system.
In Leonid Ksanfomality’ research reviews published in “Possible Signs of Life on the Planet Venus” (by Scientific Research Publishing, International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2013, 3, 57-79), 8 issues of <Transactions of the Russian Academy of Scienses> (vol. 57-58, 2012-2013) and many other scientific editions,strange entities were presented that were found in TV images returned from the surface of the planet Venus by the VENERA landers, 32 years ago. Leonid Ksanfomality from Department of Physics of Planets of the Moscow Space Research institute re-processed the VENERA TV images using modern processing techniques that makes images distinct and clear. The results of the Soviet Venera missions are the only existing observations of Venus’ surface. The VENERA TV-imaging method used 32 years ago is the same that is used nowadays for a search of hypothetical martian life. The VENERA TV experiments were of extreme technical complexity. Over the years, they have not been repeated by any Russian or other space agencies.
PANORAMIC VIEW OF THE VENUS’ SURFACE AT THE LANDING SITE OF THE VENERA-14 LANDER
There are entities that one can consider to be signs of hypothetical life on Venus, regardless of how crazy this assumption sounds. The pictures revealed a dozen previously undetected strange objects that can attest to the fact that Venus does possess both flora and fauna life. A plant with burgeon on its top (photo) was placed close to the VENERA-14 lander. The stem is 40 cm tall.
Cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and food crop. It is also a cheap source of protein, a good source of essential vitamins and minerals, and a component of many food products. The fatty acid composition of peanuts has become increasingly important with the realization that oleic acid content significantly affects the development of rancidity. And oil content of peanuts significantly affects flavor and shelf-life. Early generation screening of breeding lines for high oleic acid content greatly increases the efficiency of developing new peanut varieties. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of methods used to classify individual peanut seed as high oleic or not high oleic. Three hundred and seventy-four (374) seeds, spanning twenty-three (23) genotypes varying in oil composition (i.e. high oleic (H) or normal/not high oleic (NH) inclusive of all four peanut market-types (runner, Spanish, Valencia and Virginia), were individually tested ...
Tomato is a plant with high heat requirements and sensitive to cold weather and frost. The optimum temperature for the growth of tomato plants is between 21˚C and 27˚C during the day and between 17˚C and 21˚C at night. The soil temperature is also very important for plant growth. The optimum soil temperature for tomato cultivation should be within the range 15˚C - 18˚C. Besides, the proper development of the root system depends on the optimal temperature of the soil. A temperature below 14˚C reduces and inhibits the growth of the root system and encourages the development of fungal and bacterial diseases. In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate the effect of heated soil on the population of bacteria, fungi and nematodes inhabiting the soil of tomato cultivar “Tamaris” growing in peat and coconut substrates. The experiment was carried out in 12 treatments and in 3 replications (one slab was one replication). The soils were tested in two different types of containers: cylinders...
Fuel and its delivery cost comprise the biggest expense in coal power plant operations. Delivery of electricity from generation to consumers requires investment in power lines and transmission grids. Placing a coal power plant or multiple power plants near dense population centers can lower transmission costs. If a coalmine is nearby, transportation costs can also be reduced. However, emissions from coal plants play a key role in worsening health crises in many countries. And coal upon combustion produces CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , CO, Metallic and Particle Matter (PM10 & PM2.5). The presence of these chemical compounds in the atmosphere in close vicinity to humans, livestock, and agriculture carries detrimental health consequences. The goal of the research was to develop a methodology to minimize the public’s exposure to harmful emissions from coal power plants while maintaining minimal operational costs related to electric distribution losses and coal logistics. The objective was...
TV images returned from the surface of the planet Venus by the VENERA landers, 32 years ago. Leonid Ksanfomality from Department of Physics of Planets of the Moscow Space Research institute re-processed the VENERA TV images using modern processing techniques that makes images distinct and clear. The results of the Soviet Venera missions are the only existing observations of Venus’ surface. The VENERA TV-imaging method used 32 years ago is the same that is used nowadays for a search of hypothetical martian life. The VENERA TV experiments were of extreme technical complexity. Over the years, they have not been repeated by any Russian or other space agencies.
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