For thousands of years, humanity has wondered whether there is life outside the Earth. Observations of more than 1000 extrasolar planets indicate that many of them possess physical conditions close to those of Venus, not of Earth. Therefore, the planet Venus, with its dense and hot (460°C), waterless, oxygen-free atmosphere of CO2, having a high pressure of 9.2 MPa at the surface has been investigated as a natural laboratory for this kinds, using archive VENERA mission TV-data obtained 32 years ago. A result is surprising: Most likely, the question on the existence of extraterrestrial life will be answered not as a result of its search for in other worlds removed by distances of dozens of parsecs but on the surface of Venus, i.e., of the nearest planet of the Solar system.
In Leonid Ksanfomality’ research reviews published in “Possible Signs of Life on the Planet Venus” (by Scientific Research Publishing, International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2013, 3, 57-79), 8 issues of <Transactions of the Russian Academy of Scienses> (vol. 57-58, 2012-2013) and many other scientific editions,strange entities were presented that were found in TV images returned from the surface of the planet Venus by the VENERA landers, 32 years ago. Leonid Ksanfomality from Department of Physics of Planets of the Moscow Space Research institute re-processed the VENERA TV images using modern processing techniques that makes images distinct and clear. The results of the Soviet Venera missions are the only existing observations of Venus’ surface. The VENERA TV-imaging method used 32 years ago is the same that is used nowadays for a search of hypothetical martian life. The VENERA TV experiments were of extreme technical complexity. Over the years, they have not been repeated by any Russian or other space agencies.
PANORAMIC VIEW OF THE VENUS’ SURFACE AT THE LANDING SITE OF THE VENERA-14 LANDER
There are entities that one can consider to be signs of hypothetical life on Venus, regardless of how crazy this assumption sounds. The pictures revealed a dozen previously undetected strange objects that can attest to the fact that Venus does possess both flora and fauna life. A plant with burgeon on its top (photo) was placed close to the VENERA-14 lander. The stem is 40 cm tall.
High-altitude balloon is a balloon, filled usually with helium or hydrogen that ascends into an area called “near space” or stratosphere. The most common type of high-altitude balloons are weather balloons. Other purposes include use as a platform for experiments in the upper atmosphere. Modern balloons generally contain electronic equipment such as radio transmitters, cameras, or satellite navigation systems, such as GPS receivers. The mission of the High-Altitude Balloon Experiment (HABE) is to acquire supporting data, validate enabling technologies, and resolve critical acquisition, tracking, and pointing (ATP) and fire control issues in support of future space-based precision pointing experiments. The use of high-altitude balloons offers a relatively low-cost, low-vibration test platform, a recoverable and reusable payload, worldwide launch capability, and a 'near- space' emulation of the future space systems operational scenarios. More recently, several university...
Tomato is a plant with high heat requirements and sensitive to cold weather and frost. The optimum temperature for the growth of tomato plants is between 21˚C and 27˚C during the day and between 17˚C and 21˚C at night. The soil temperature is also very important for plant growth. The optimum soil temperature for tomato cultivation should be within the range 15˚C - 18˚C. Besides, the proper development of the root system depends on the optimal temperature of the soil. A temperature below 14˚C reduces and inhibits the growth of the root system and encourages the development of fungal and bacterial diseases. In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate the effect of heated soil on the population of bacteria, fungi and nematodes inhabiting the soil of tomato cultivar “Tamaris” growing in peat and coconut substrates. The experiment was carried out in 12 treatments and in 3 replications (one slab was one replication). The soils were tested in two different types of containers: cylinders...
Proline is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Some studies have shown that proline has been accumulated in plants in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Exogenous proline has thus been used for improving some plant cryopreservation protocols. Further enhancement of cryopreservation efficiency for in vitro grapevines could be expected if stresses linked to cryopreservation procedures could be reduced. In this study, the authors studied the possible beneficial effect of proline in grapevine cryopreservation. Single-node explants from in vitro grown grapevine plantlets ( Vitis vinifera L. cv Portan) were cultured on shooting media (half-strength MS + 1 μM BAP) containing no proline (control) or 50, 500, or 2000 μM filter-sterilized L-proline. Shoot tips excised from these microshoots were subjected to a PVS2-based droplet-vitrification procedure. Control and rewarmed explants were grown on a recovery medium containing ...
TV images returned from the surface of the planet Venus by the VENERA landers, 32 years ago. Leonid Ksanfomality from Department of Physics of Planets of the Moscow Space Research institute re-processed the VENERA TV images using modern processing techniques that makes images distinct and clear. The results of the Soviet Venera missions are the only existing observations of Venus’ surface. The VENERA TV-imaging method used 32 years ago is the same that is used nowadays for a search of hypothetical martian life. The VENERA TV experiments were of extreme technical complexity. Over the years, they have not been repeated by any Russian or other space agencies.
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