跳至主要内容

Suppression of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A/H5N1 Infection Using Migratory Antibody Passed from Mother to Chick

Mammals are equipped with an immune system in which antibodies from mothers transfer to children through the placenta and breast milk. These antibodies are called migratory antibodies and are responsible for protecting young children with an incomplete immune function against infection. In egg-laying animals, such as birds, migratory antibodies can be transferred from mothers to their eggs, thereby protecting their offspring. Even in domestic chickens, migratory antibodies from mothers are useful for defense against various infectious diseases, and the mother’s immune status determines the susceptibility of chicks to infection.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza is the most feared infectious disease in poultry, and in recent years, a number of infectious and death cases have been reported in humans as well, mainly in Southeast Asia. In avian flu-free countries, vaccination is not conducted, and if infection occurs, all suspected infected chickens must be disposed, which causes a large economic loss.

In this study, the authors investigated the presence of anti-avian influenza virus antibody in chickens hatched on a poultry farm in Indonesia and examined the involvement of migratory antibodies in protecting against virus infection by infectious experiments of highly pathogenic avian influenza in chickens.

Thirty newly-hatched chicks were collected from poultry farms selected at random in Indonesia. The authors confirmed that these birds had no history of vaccination with avian influenza vaccine. In addition, specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks were purchased and used for experiments as controls. Blood was sampled at 10 days of age. The serum titer of antibodies against A/H5N1 antigens was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies against avian influenza virus were evaluated in all birds.

Since these young birds had no history of vaccination, the antibodies were deemed to have been transferred from the mother birds. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody titer in each bird varied. Infection of these birds with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/H5N1 intra-nasally resulted in a high mortality rate in chicks with low antibody titers but a low mortality rate in chicks with high antibody titers.

In conclusion, the findings suggest that the transfer of antibodies from mother birds to their chicks may be a way to prevent avian influenza infection in the offspring. Maternal antibodies migration to chicks is considered effective for preventing virus infection, but the development of a good-quality vaccine and improvements in existing vaccination programs are required.


Article by Kazuhide Adachi, et al, from Japan and Indonesia.

Full access: http://mrw.so/4y8iGT

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Incorporation of High-Altitude Balloon Experiment in High School Science Classrooms

High-altitude balloon is a balloon, filled usually with helium or hydrogen that ascends into an area called “near space” or stratosphere. The most common type of high-altitude balloons are weather balloons. Other purposes include use as a platform for experiments in the upper atmosphere. Modern balloons generally contain electronic equipment such as radio transmitters, cameras, or satellite navigation systems, such as GPS receivers. The mission of the High-Altitude Balloon Experiment (HABE) is to acquire supporting data, validate enabling technologies, and resolve critical acquisition, tracking, and pointing (ATP) and fire control issues in support of future space-based precision pointing experiments. The use of high-altitude balloons offers a relatively low-cost, low-vibration test platform, a recoverable and reusable payload, worldwide launch capability, and a 'near- space' emulation of the future space systems operational scenarios. More recently, several university...
1 条评论
阅读全文

Location Optimization of a Coal Power Plant to Balance Costs against Plant’s Emission Exposure

Fuel and its delivery cost comprise the biggest expense in coal power plant operations. Delivery of electricity from generation to consumers requires investment in power lines and transmission grids. Placing a coal power plant or multiple power plants near dense population centers can lower transmission costs. If a coalmine is nearby, transportation costs can also be reduced. However, emissions from coal plants play a key role in worsening health crises in many countries. And coal upon combustion produces CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , CO, Metallic and Particle Matter (PM10 & PM2.5). The presence of these chemical compounds in the atmosphere in close vicinity to humans, livestock, and agriculture carries detrimental health consequences. The goal of the research was to develop a methodology to minimize the public’s exposure to harmful emissions from coal power plants while maintaining minimal operational costs related to electric distribution losses and coal logistics. The objective was...
发表评论
阅读全文

Effects of Karate Training on Basic Motor Abilities of Primary School Children

“You never attack first in karate” might be the best conclusion of karate, which is a martial art practiced typically without weapons. It’s reported that karate has a long history for several hundred years, but the modern karate was spread to the whole Japan from Okinawa in the early part of 20th century. Now it has become one of the most widely practiced martial art forms in the world. Usually, it’s divided into Kihon, Kata and Kumite. As for the beginners, Kihon is more suitable for them because it involves basic techniques. Due to karate consists of dynamic offensive and defensive techniques using all parts of the body to their maximum advantage, the best understanding of true karate practice is the perfection of oneself through the perfection of the art. It not only develops coordination, quickens reflexes, and builds stamina, but also develops composure, a clearer thought process, deeper insight into one’s mental capabilities, and more self-confidence. So many researchers stu...
发表评论
阅读全文