In recent Japan, as there has been an
increase of dual-income households and the demand for childcare facilities has
especially increased especially in urban areas, childcare facilities and
workers are lacking and it leads to the serious issue of children on waiting lists.
Though subsidy is granted for the construction of childcare facilities,
childcare facilities cannot be greatly increased as there is a limit to the
amount of subsidy. Therefore, when constructing new childcare facilities, it is
essential to place priority on districts lacking such facilities. In order to
do so, it is necessary to evaluate current locations to extract districts
lacking facilities. And for childcare facilities, the distribution of
facilities should not be concentrated in specific districts but rather arranged
in locations where all who need to use them can fairly do so.
Based on the
background mentioned above, using statistical method, geographical information
system (GIS) and public open data, scenario analysis to select transportation,
the present study aimed to propose a method to quantitatively evaluate the
current location of childcare facilities in Japanese urban areas. And the model
of the p-median problem used to obtain the optimal location of
facilities was modified, and a method to evaluate the current situation
concerning the shortage or overage of childcare facilities by district was
proposed.
As evaluations were
conducted using quantitative data such as the specialization coefficient of
person trip for transportation and the distance between childcare facilities
and districts, the evaluation results were also quantitative, making it an
effective indicator for evaluating the locations of childcare facilities.
Additionally, the specialization coefficient of person trip for transportation
and the distance between childcare facilities and districts were calculated
based on public open data. Therefore, the evaluation method in the present
study has a high temporal reproducibility as well as spatial reproducibility.
For future research
subjects, the improvement of the evaluation method for cases where there are
multiple facilities within a certain range as well as the application of the
evaluation method of the present study in the evaluation of other facility
locations and other areas can be considered.
Article by Keisho
Satoh, et al, from University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan.
Full access: http://mrw.so/529Aqc
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