Immunization is a medical procedure many
children frequently undergo. As it involves pain, it is important to develop
effective pain relief methods that are applicable from infancy. And the methods
to reduce immunization-related pain in children are usually classified into
pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. The latter include: musical
interventions, distraction using videos, breathing techniques, sucrose
administration, and so on. In this study, the authors aimed to clarify the
pain-relieving effect of music from speakers on preschoolers during
immunization.
A randomized
controlled trial using sex-based stratified randomization was conducted at a
Japanese pediatric clinic between October and December 2016, involving 48
preschoolers aged 5 - 6. Among these, 25 listened to music (“Twinkle Twinkle
Little Star” played by a music box) from speakers before, during, and after
influenza immunization (Music group), while the other 23 were not treated with
musical intervention (Control group), with the following outcomes: primary: the
Face Scale score; and secondary: the heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation
(SpO2) and salivary alpha amylase (sAA) levels. The
demographic variables, confounders, Face Scale score, HR, and sAA level were
compared between the Music and Control groups. The categorical variables were
examined using Fisher’s exact test, while the continuous variables were
analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test or unpaired t-test based on the
results of the Shapiro-Wilk test.
The results showed
that there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the age or
sex. Among the confounders, only the rate of having a history of NICU admission
was significantly higher in the Control (4; 17.39%) compared with Music (0; 0%)
group (P = 0.0455). The Face Scale score and HR of the Control group
immediately after influenza immunization were significantly higher than their
baseline values (P < 0.0001, P < 0.05). There were no significant
differences between the Music and Control groups in the Face Scale score, HR,
or SpO2 level immediately after influenza immunization or in the sAA level 10
minutes after it.
In conclusion, influenza
immunization was painful for preschoolers. When based on the Face Scale score,
HR, SpO2 and sAA levels as indices to measure immunization-related pain, music
did not show pain-relieving effects. Therefore, it may
be necessary to further examine the effect of music to reduce
immunization-related distress in preschoolers.
Article by Yui
Shiroshita, et al, from Japan.
Full access: http://mrw.so/NvnW0
Image by Mindy Hill, from Flickr-cc.
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