Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare
tumors of the GI tract and account for less than 1% of gastrointestinal tumors,
but they are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal
tract. They are usually found in the stomach or small intestine, but can occur
anywhere along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and may rarely have extra-GI
involvement. Its early diagnosis is important for preserving the prognosis. Microscopy
and immunohistochemistry allowed classifying these tumors according to their
phenotypes and prognosis. The two main markers identified were CD34, and KIT
protein or CD 117.
In this paper, the
authors reported a case of a patient who was admitted in our university
hospital for GIST discovered during the second trimester of pregnancy. She was
42 years old, in the fifth months of pregnancy. She was admitted for biliary
colic pain with vomiting. On abdominal examination, they objectified a
distended abdomen with uterine height of 18 cm and epigastric mass of 10 cm.
Abdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a hepatic,
tissue and cystic mass, developing at the expense of the left liver. Endoscopy
objectified an aspect of extrinsic compression at the front of the stomach. A
cesarean was scheduled at the 35th month of pregnancy for fetal
extraction and rescue. Exploration of the peritoneal cavity during surgery had
objectified a hepatic highly vascularised mass reaching up to the umbilicus.
This mass was unresectable. A postoperative CT scan revealed a large bilobed
epigastric mass adhering to the stomach and the left liver. Histological and
immunohisto- chemical study of hepatic process showed a gastrointestinal
stromal tumor of high risk of malignancy. Then multidisciplinary management was
carried out, which had better managed the mother and her baby.
In summary, gastrointestinal
stromal tumors during pregnancy are extremely rare. It is very important to
discuss their diagnosis and treatment in multidisciplinary meeting and it is
also very important to know their prognostic factors and treatment options.
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Image by Mary Zen, from Flickr-cc.
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