跳至主要内容

Forgiveness Education in Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia, a long-term or chronic disorder, is not well understood by the medical community until now. Its symptoms include chronic muscle pain, fatigue, sleep problems, and painful tender points or trigger points, which often overlap with other diseases. Due to the cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, there isn’t a very effective way to cure this disease though a variety of medications can help control symptoms.

In this paper, the authors introduced a forgiveness education in patients with fibromyalgia based on Worthington and Scherer’s view that forgiveness was an emotion-focused coping strategy that may promote health. First, the authors hypothesized that forgiveness could potentially be a useful coping strategy in patients with fibromyalgia. Then a qualitative study was conducted in a workshop setting. The authors identified a random sample of patients with fibromyalgia who completed the Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Clinic Treatment Program in 2010. And the participants were mailed a letter of invitation and instructions to return the letter with their contact information and preference to attend 1 of 2 forgiveness education sessions. Then forgiveness was presented to participants by using a video and workbook in a workshop setting and each education session was 90 minutes long. Next, the authors analyzed the observation of participant engagement, themes related to educational content, feedback about the education format and delivery of information and forgiveness application to daily life. And collected data were analyzed by the study investigators with expertise in qualitative research methods.

The analysis of qualitative data revealed 3 important themes. First, participants readily accepted forgiveness as an emotion-focused coping strategy and understood the associations between harboring resentment, internalizing stress, and experiencing symptoms. Second, participants welcomed the notion that forgiveness was about controlling personal responses to adversity and injustice and understood that this control was especially relevant in the context of chronic pain. Third, participants found that the forgiveness education reinforced concepts that they had learned in other patient education sessions.

All in all, the results suggested that forgiveness education was acceptable to patients with fibromyalgia. And forgiveness education warranted further study as an emotion-focused coping strategy.

Article by Loren L. Toussaint, et al, from USA.

Full access: http://mrw.so/1Lkf7X    
Image by Young Living Prospector, from Flickr-cc.



评论

此博客中的热门博文

A Comparison of Methods Used to Determine the Oleic/Linoleic Acid Ratio in Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and food crop. It is also a cheap source of protein, a good source of essential vitamins and minerals, and a component of many food products. The fatty acid composition of peanuts has become increasingly important with the realization that oleic acid content significantly affects the development of rancidity. And oil content of peanuts significantly affects flavor and shelf-life. Early generation screening of breeding lines for high oleic acid content greatly increases the efficiency of developing new peanut varieties. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of methods used to classify individual peanut seed as high oleic or not high oleic. Three hundred and seventy-four (374) seeds, spanning twenty-three (23) genotypes varying in oil composition (i.e. high oleic (H) or normal/not high oleic (NH) inclusive of all four peanut market-types (runner, Spanish, Valencia and Virginia), were individually tested ...

Location Optimization of a Coal Power Plant to Balance Costs against Plant’s Emission Exposure

Fuel and its delivery cost comprise the biggest expense in coal power plant operations. Delivery of electricity from generation to consumers requires investment in power lines and transmission grids. Placing a coal power plant or multiple power plants near dense population centers can lower transmission costs. If a coalmine is nearby, transportation costs can also be reduced. However, emissions from coal plants play a key role in worsening health crises in many countries. And coal upon combustion produces CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , CO, Metallic and Particle Matter (PM10 & PM2.5). The presence of these chemical compounds in the atmosphere in close vicinity to humans, livestock, and agriculture carries detrimental health consequences. The goal of the research was to develop a methodology to minimize the public’s exposure to harmful emissions from coal power plants while maintaining minimal operational costs related to electric distribution losses and coal logistics. The objective was...

Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Continuous Use of a Home-Use High-Frequency Facial Treatment Appliance

At present, many home-use beauty devices are available in the market. In particular, many products developed for facial treatment use light, e.g., a flash lamp or a light-emitting diode (LED). In this study, the safety of 4 weeks’ continuous use of NEWA TM , a high-frequency facial treatment appliance, every alternate day at home was verified, and its efficacy was evaluated in Japanese individuals with healthy skin aged 30 years or older who complained of sagging of the facial skin.  Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin levels, erythema levels, sebum secretion levels, skin color changes and wrinkle improvement in the facial skin were measured before the appliance began to be used (study baseline), at 2 and 4 weeks after it had begun to be used, and at 2 weeks after completion of the 4-week treatment period (6 weeks from the study baseline). In addition, data obtained by subjective evaluation by the subjects themselves on a visual analog scale (VAS) were also analyzed. Fur...