跳至主要内容

Evaluation of the Production of Young Green Barley Plants Containing Functional Ingredients

Read  full  paper  at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53888#.VNr6kizQrzE

ABSTRACT
We conducted experiments to establish the growing conditions of hydroponic young green barley plants in which functional ingredients were applied and absorbed during the cultivation period. No studies have conducted experiments on functional ingredients applied during the cultivation of young green barley. In this study, glucosamine (GlcN) and collagen (Cgn) were used, both of which are widely known as functional ingredients and are in high market demand. In the GlcN application experiment, young green barley plants were cultivated with only liquid fertilizer during the early growing period for 9 days, and then the plants were cultivated in 0.25% GlcN-water solution for the following 3 days. The plants used in this experiment absorbed 0.60% of GlcN. Furthermore, an experiment was conducted to test plant absorption of collagen. Collagen absorption was evaluated using hydroxyproline (Hyp) as an indicator ingredient. Under control conditions, the Hyp content was 0.04% after 14 days of cultivation. Meanwhile, in the application experiment of Cgn derived from pigs (average molecular weight is 3000), plants were cultivated in 1% Cgn-water solution for 14 days. As a result, the Hyp content increased to 0.28%. Thus, this study clarifies, for the first time, that barley plants can absorb exogenous functional ingredients applied from the outside. The nutrient component contents in young green barley plants were measured. The amino acid and vitamin C content in hydroponic young green barley significantly increased, as compared to those grown in organic soil. Furthermore, in 0.1% Cgn-water solution cultivation, glutamic acid and aspartic acid, both of which are a functional amino acids, increased approximately three folds as compared to the plant grown in organic soil under natural sunlight. Furthermore, K and Na, which are inorganic ingredients in young green barley, were measured. The K content in the plants grown in 1% Cgn-water solution cultivation for 14 days decreased by 80% as compared with the control hydroponic plant grown with liquid fertilizer. It was inferred that the plant might be used as food for dialysis patients.
 
Cite this paper
Meng, T. , Miura, C. , Irino, N. and Kondo, R. (2015) Evaluation of the Production of Young Green Barley Plants Containing Functional Ingredients. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6, 323-333. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2015.62037.
 
References
[1]Daniell, H., Streatfield, S.J. and Wycoff, K. (2001) Medical Molecular Farming:Production of Antibodies, Biopharmaceuticals and Edible Vaccines in Plants. Trends in Plant Science, 6, 219-226.
 
[2]Walmsley, A.M. and Arntzen, C.J. (2003) Plant Cell Factories and Mucosal Vaccines. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 14, 145-150.
 
[3]Horn, M.E., Woodard, S.L. and Howard, J.A. (2004) Plant Molecular Farming: System and Products. Plant Cell Reports, 22, 711-720.
 
[4]Akita, M. and Suzuki, T. (2010) Biological and Systems Engineered Approach for Highly Efficient and High-Value-Added Production in Plant Factory System. Memoirs of the Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology of Kinki University, 26, 23-37.
 
[5]Chavan, J.K., Kadam, S.S. and Beuchat, L.R. (1989) Nutritional Improvement of Cereals by Sprouting. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 28, 401-437.
 
[6]Peer, D.J. and Leeson, S. (1985) Nutrient Content of Hydroponicaliy Sprouted Barley. Animal Food Science and Technology, 13, 191-202.
 
[7]Tsushida, T., Murai, T., Omori, M. and Okamoto, J. (1987) Production of New Type Tea Containing a High Level of γ-Aminobutyric Acid. Nippon NogeikagakuKaishi, 61, 817-822.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.61.817
 
[8]Saikusa, T., Horino, T. and Mori, Y. (1994) Accumulation of γ-Aminobutylic Acid (GABA) in the Rice Germ During Water Soaking. Bioscience Biotechnology Biochemistry, 58, 2291-2292.
 
[9]Koga, R., Tsubata, M., Ikeguchi, M., Takagaki, K., Irino, N. and Kondo, R. (2012) Enriched Production of γ-Aminobutyric Acid on Young Barley Leaves and Its Antihypertensive Effect in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. The Journal of Japan Mibyou System Association, 18, 11-16
 
[10]Inoue, K., Yokota, H. and Makita, K. (1994-1995) Introduction of Exogenous Sodium Ascorbate into Lettuce (Butter Head Type) Grown Hydroponically. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 63, 779-785.
 
[11]Inoue, K., Tajima, K., Sanada, K. and Yokota, H. (1995) Production of Iron-Enriched Leaf Vegetables Using a Soaking Method. Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 66, 527-534.
 
[12]Inoue, K., Takayama, S. and Yokota, H. (1994) Production of Calcium-Enriched Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Using a Soaking Method. Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 66, 381-387.
 
[13]Ogawa, A., Taguchi, S. and Kawashima, C. (2007) A Cultivation Method of Spinach with a Low Potassium Content for Patients on Dialysis (Quality and Processing). Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 76, 232-237.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1626/jcs.76.232
 
[14]Ogawa, H. and Ono, M. (2005) Handbook of Dialysis. Third Edition, Igaku-Shoin Ltd., Tokyo, 75-83.
 
[15]Ogawa, A., Eguchi, T. and Toyofuku, K. (2012) Cultivation Methods for Leafy Vegetables and Tomatoes with Low Potassium Content for Dialysis Patients. Environmental Control in Biology, 50, 407-414.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2525/ecb.50.407
 
[16]Federico, F., Zuzana, K., Rui, F.G., Patricia, V., Jose, A.P., Jaroslav, D., et al. (2009) Free Water-Soluble Phenolics Profiling in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57, 2405-2409.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf8037727
 
[17]Norbaek, R., Aaboer, D.B., Bleeg, I.S., Christesen, B.T., Kondo, T. and Brandt, K. (2003) Flavone C-Glycoside, Phenolic Acid, and Nitrogen Contents in Leaves of Barley Subject to Organic Fertilization Treatments. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 809-813.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0258914
 
[18]Benedet, J.A., Umeda, H. and Shibamoto, T. (2007) Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids Isolated from Young Green Barley Leaves toward Biological Lipid Samples. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, 5499-5504.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf070543t
 
[19]Koga, R., Meng, T.X., Nakamura, E., Miura, C., Irino, N., Devkota, H.P., et al. (2013) The Effect of Photo-Irradiation on the Growth and Ingredient Composition of Young Green Barley (Hordeumvulgare L.) Agricultural Sciences, 4, 185-194.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2013.44027
 
[20]Trubey, C.R., Rhykerd, C.L., Noller, C.H., Ford, D.R. and George, J.R. (1969) Effect of Light, Culture Solution, and Growth Period on Growth and Chemical Composition of Hydroponically Produced Oat Seedlings. Agronomy Journal, 61, 663-665.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1969.00021962006100050003x
 
[21]Dung, D.D., Godwin, I.R. and Nolan, J.V. (2010) Nutrient Content and in Sacco Digestibility of Barley Grain and Sprouted Barley. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9, 2485-2492.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2010.2485.2492
 
[22]Inoue, K., Murase, H., Ogura, T., Nakahara, T. and Someya, T. (2004) Improvement of the Taste of Leaf Lettuce Grown Hydroponically by Soaking the Roots in Stevia rebaudiana Glycosides Solutions. Shokubutsu Kojo Gakkaishi, 16, 16-19.
 
[23]Koyama, Y. (2010) Functional Aspects of Collagen. Hikaku Kagaku, 56, 71-79.
 
[24]Iwai, K., Hasegawa, T., Taguchi, Y., Morimatsu, F., Sato, K., Nakamura, Y., et al. (2005) Identification of Food-Derived Collagen Peptides in Human Blood after Oral Ingestion of Gelatin Hydrolysates. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 6531-6536.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf050206p                                       eww150211lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Electron Spin and Proton Spin in the Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Like Atomic Systems

Read full paper at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52202#.VIj7tMnQrzE Author(s) Stanisław Olszewski * Affiliation(s) Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland . ABSTRACT The mechanical angular momentum and magnetic moment of the electron and proton spin have been calculated semiclassically with the aid of the uncertainty principle for energy and time. The spin effects of both kinds of the elementary particles can be expressed in terms of similar formulae. The quantization of the spin motion has been done on the basis of the old quantum theory. It gives a quantum number n = 1/2 as the index of the spin state acceptable for both the electron and proton ...
发表评论
阅读全文

A Study on the Seismic Isolation Systems of Bridges with Lead Rubber Bearings

Read full paper at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52566#.VJt06cCAM4 Author(s)   Woo-Suk Kim , Dong-Joon Ahn , Jong-Kook Lee Affiliation(s) School of Architecture, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea . ABSTRACT This study consists of the development and presentation of example of seismic isolation system analysis and design for a continuous, 3-span, cast-in-place concrete box girder bridge. It is expected that example is developed for all Lead-Rubber Bearing (LRB) seismic isolation system on piers and abutments which placed in between super-structure and sub-structure. Design forces, displacements, and drifts are given distinctive consideration in...
发表评论
阅读全文

Effects of Karate Training on Basic Motor Abilities of Primary School Children

“You never attack first in karate” might be the best conclusion of karate, which is a martial art practiced typically without weapons. It’s reported that karate has a long history for several hundred years, but the modern karate was spread to the whole Japan from Okinawa in the early part of 20th century. Now it has become one of the most widely practiced martial art forms in the world. Usually, it’s divided into Kihon, Kata and Kumite. As for the beginners, Kihon is more suitable for them because it involves basic techniques. Due to karate consists of dynamic offensive and defensive techniques using all parts of the body to their maximum advantage, the best understanding of true karate practice is the perfection of oneself through the perfection of the art. It not only develops coordination, quickens reflexes, and builds stamina, but also develops composure, a clearer thought process, deeper insight into one’s mental capabilities, and more self-confidence. So many researchers stu...
发表评论
阅读全文