跳至主要内容

Dietary Fiber Content of Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd) Cultivated with Organic and Conventional Fertilization in Different SeasonsDietary Fiber Content of Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd) Cultivated with Organic and Conventional Fertilization in Different Seasons

Read  full  paper  at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53985#.VN21HizQrzE

ABSTRACT
Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd has long been eaten in Indonesia as vegetable and the main parts consumed are leaves and young shoots. Waterleaf is sticky presumably due to its pectin content which is associated to dietary fiber. The dietary fiber which was analyzed in the present study was influenced by cultivation practices. The aim of this research was to study the effect of organic and conventional fertilization as well as the seasonal changes to the level of TDF (total dietary fiber), IDF (insoluble dietary fiber), SDF (soluble dietary fiber), and pectic substances in waterleaf. This research was conducted in four phases: sample cultivation, sample preparation, chemical analysis, and data analysis. This research used five samples cultivated with 5 different compositions of organic fertilizers and vice versa for conventional fertilizers. The cultivation was done in the experimental field of University Farm, Bogor, Indonesia during rainy season and dry season. Samples were harvested 8 weeks after planted, dried using drying oven for 17 hours at 60°C, ground and filtered to 40 mesh; and kept at -10°C until analysis. The overall result showed that the conventional samples contain higher dietary fiber than the organically fertilized samples, except the pectic substances of plant in dry season. Although its IDF content is higher than the SDF, the SDF content of waterleaf is relatively high compared to other vegetables, especially in dry season.
 
Cite this paper
Andarwulan, N. , Faridah, D. , Prabekti, Y. , Fadhilatunnur, H. , Mualim, L. , Aziz, S. and Cisneros-Zevallos, L. (2015) Dietary Fiber Content of Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd) Cultivated with Organic and Conventional Fertilization in Different SeasonsDietary Fiber Content of Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd) Cultivated with Organic and Conventional Fertilization in Different Seasons. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6, 334-343. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2015.62038.
 
References
[1]Andarwulan, N., Batari, R., Sandrasari, D.A., Bolling, B. and Wijaya, H. (2010) Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Vegetables from Indonesia. Journal of Food Chemistry, 121, 1231-1235.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.01.033
 
[2]Benbrook, C.H., Zhao, X., Yanez, J., Davies, N. and Andrews, P. (2008) New Evidence Confirms the Nutritional Superiority of Plant-Based Organic Foods. State of Science Review. www.organic-center.org
 
[3]Carbonaro, M., Mattera, M., Nicoli, S., Bergamo, P. and Cappelloni, M. (2002) Modulation of Antioxidant Compounds in Organic vs. Conventional Fruit (Peach Prunus persica L., and Pear Pyrus communis L.). Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 50, 9-11.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0202584
 
[4]Young, J.E., Zhao, X., Carey, E.E., Welti, R., Yang, S. and Wang, W. (2005) Phytochemical Phenolics in Organically Grown Vegetables. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 49, 1136-1142.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200500080
 
[5]Abu-Zahra, T.R., Al-Ismail, K. and Shatat, F. (2007) Effect of Organic and Conventional Systems on Fruit Quality of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa duch) Grown under Plastic House Conditions in the Jordan Valley. Acta Horticulture (ISHS), 741, 159-171.
 
[6]Ren, H., Endo, H. and Hayashi, T. (2001) Antioxidative and Antimutagenic Activities and Polyphenol Content of Pesticide-Free and Organically Cultivated Green Vegetables Using Water-Soluble Chitosan as a Soil Modifier and Leaf Surface Spray. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 81, 1426-1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.955
 
[7]Worthington, V. (2001) Nutritional Quality of Organic Versus Conventional Fruits, Vegetables, and Grains. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 7, 161-173.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/107555301750164244
 
[8]Hallmann, E. and Rembialkowska, E. (2006) Antioxidant Compounds Content in Selected Onion Bulbs from Organic and Conventional Cultivation. Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering, 51, 42-46.
 
[9]Wang, Z.H., Li, S.X. and Malhi, S. (2008) Review: Effects of Fertilization and Other Agronomic Measures in Nutritional Quality of Crops. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88, 7-23.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3084
 
[10]Moore, J.E. (1994) Forage Quality Indices: Development and Application. In: Fahey, G.C., Ed., Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization, ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, 967-998.
 
[11]Eppendorfer, W.H. and Eggum, B.O. (1996) Fertilizer Effects on Yield, Mineral and Amino Acid Composition, Dietary Fiber and Nutritive Value of Leeks. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 49, 163-174.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01091974
 
[12]Siatka, T. and Kasparova, M. (2010) Seasonal Variation in Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents and DPPH Scavenging Activity of Bellis perennis L. Flowers. Molecules, 15, 9450-9461.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules15129450
 
[13]Marsic, N.K., Gasperli, L., Abram, V., Budic, M. and Vidrih, R. (2011) Quality Parameters and Total Phenolic Content in Tomato Fruits Regarding Cultivar and Microclimatic Conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 35, 185-194.
 
[14]Mualim, L. (2012) Produksi dan Kualitas Kolesom dengan Pemupukan Organik dan Inorganik. Dissertation, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor.
 
[15]Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) Official Method 991.42 (2012) Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist. AOAC Inc., Arlington, Virginia.
 
[16]Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) Official Method 985.29 (2012) Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist. AOAC Inc., Arlington, Virginia.
 
[17]Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) Official Method 991.42 (2012) Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist. AOAC Inc., Arlington, Virginia.
 
[18]McCready, R.M. and McComb (1965) Extraction of the Pectin from the Citrus Peels and Preservation of Pectin to Pectic Acid. Method Carbohydrate Chemistry, 8, 167-170.
 
[19]Blumenkrantz, N. and Asboe-Hansen, G. (1973) New Method for Quantitative Determination of Uronic Acid. Analytical Biochemistry, 54, 484-489.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(73)90377-1
 
[20]Morgan, J.M. (1984) Osmoregulation and Water Stress in Higher Plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 35, 299-319.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.35.060184.001503
 
[21]Styer, J.C. (2000) Regulating Inositol Biosynthesis in Plants: Myo-Inositol Synthase and Myo-Inositol Phosphatase. Thesis, Faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg.
 
[22]Sheveleva, E., Chmara, W., Bohnert, H.J. and Jensen, R.G. (1997) Increased Salt and Drought Tolerance by D-Ononitol Production in Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. Plant Physiology, 115, 1211-1219.
 
[23]Anderson, N.E. and Clydesdale, F.M. (1980) Effects of Processing on the Dietary Fiber Content of Wheat Bran, Pureed Green Beans and Carrots. Journal of Food Science, 45, 1533-1537.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1980.tb07556.x
 
[24]Brown, L., Rosner, B., Willett, W.W. and Sacks, F.M. (1999) Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Dietary Fiber: A Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69, 30-42.
 
[25]Baker, R.A. (1997) Reassessment of Some Fruit and Vegetables Pectin Levels. Journal of Food Science, 62, 225-229.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb03973.x
 
[26]Story, J.A. and Kritchevsky, D. (1978) Fiber, Hypercholesteremia, and Atherosclerosis. Lipids, 13, 366-369.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02533731
 
[27]Hunninghake, D.B., Miller, V.T., Larosa, J.C., Kinosian, B., Brown, V., Howard, W.J., et al. (1994) Hypocholesterolemic Effects of a Dietary Fiber Supplement. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59, 1050-1054.
 
[28]Baker, R.A. (1994) Potential Dietary Benefits of Citrus Pectin and Fiber. Food Technology, 48, 133-139.
 
[29]Kutoz, T., Golob, T., Kac, M. and Plestenjak, A. (2003) Dietary Fiber Content of Dry and Processed Beans. Food Chemistry, 80, 231-235.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00258-3
 
[30]Stoughton-Ens, M.D., Hatcher, D.W., Wang, N. and Warkentin, T.D. (2009) Influence of Genotype and Environment on the Dietary Fiber Content of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Grown in Canada. Food Research International, 43, 547-552.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2009.07.011
 
[31]Englyst, H.N. and Hudson, G.J. (1996) The Classification and Measurement of Dietary Carbohydrates. Food Chemistry, 57, 15-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(96)00056-8
 
[32]Desminarti, S. (2001) Kajian serat pangan dan antioksidan alami beberapa jenis sayuran serta daya serap dan retensi antioksidan pada tikus percobaan. Thesis, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor.
 
[33]Jelita, K. (2011) Verifikasi metode analisis serat pangan dengan metode AOAC dan Asp terhadap parameter repeatability, selektivitas, dan ruggedness. Thesis, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural Technology, Bogor.                                     eww150213lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Electron Spin and Proton Spin in the Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Like Atomic Systems

Read full paper at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52202#.VIj7tMnQrzE Author(s) Stanisław Olszewski * Affiliation(s) Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland . ABSTRACT The mechanical angular momentum and magnetic moment of the electron and proton spin have been calculated semiclassically with the aid of the uncertainty principle for energy and time. The spin effects of both kinds of the elementary particles can be expressed in terms of similar formulae. The quantization of the spin motion has been done on the basis of the old quantum theory. It gives a quantum number n = 1/2 as the index of the spin state acceptable for both the electron and proton
发表评论
阅读全文

Remarks on the Complexity of Signed k-Domination on Graphs

Read  full  paper  at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53574#.VMnXsCzQrzE Author(s)    Chuan-Min Lee 1 , Cheng-Chien Lo 1 , Rui-Xin Ye 2 , Xun Xu 2 , Xiao-Han Shi 2 , Jia-Ying Li 2 Affiliation(s) 1 Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Ming Chuan University, The First American University in Asia, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Chinese Taipei . 2 Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China . ABSTRACT This paper is motivated by the concept of the signed k-domination problem and dedicated to the complexity of the problem on graphs. For any fixed nonnegative integer k, we show that the signed k-domination problem is NP-complete for doubly chordal graphs. For strongly chordal graphs and distance-hereditary graphs, we show that the signed k-domination problem can be solved in polynomial time. We also show that the problem is linear-time solvable for trees, interval graphs, and chordal comparability graphs
发表评论
阅读全文