跳至主要内容

Dietary Fiber Content of Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd) Cultivated with Organic and Conventional Fertilization in Different SeasonsDietary Fiber Content of Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd) Cultivated with Organic and Conventional Fertilization in Different Seasons

Read  full  paper  at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53985#.VN21HizQrzE

ABSTRACT
Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd has long been eaten in Indonesia as vegetable and the main parts consumed are leaves and young shoots. Waterleaf is sticky presumably due to its pectin content which is associated to dietary fiber. The dietary fiber which was analyzed in the present study was influenced by cultivation practices. The aim of this research was to study the effect of organic and conventional fertilization as well as the seasonal changes to the level of TDF (total dietary fiber), IDF (insoluble dietary fiber), SDF (soluble dietary fiber), and pectic substances in waterleaf. This research was conducted in four phases: sample cultivation, sample preparation, chemical analysis, and data analysis. This research used five samples cultivated with 5 different compositions of organic fertilizers and vice versa for conventional fertilizers. The cultivation was done in the experimental field of University Farm, Bogor, Indonesia during rainy season and dry season. Samples were harvested 8 weeks after planted, dried using drying oven for 17 hours at 60°C, ground and filtered to 40 mesh; and kept at -10°C until analysis. The overall result showed that the conventional samples contain higher dietary fiber than the organically fertilized samples, except the pectic substances of plant in dry season. Although its IDF content is higher than the SDF, the SDF content of waterleaf is relatively high compared to other vegetables, especially in dry season.
 
Cite this paper
Andarwulan, N. , Faridah, D. , Prabekti, Y. , Fadhilatunnur, H. , Mualim, L. , Aziz, S. and Cisneros-Zevallos, L. (2015) Dietary Fiber Content of Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd) Cultivated with Organic and Conventional Fertilization in Different SeasonsDietary Fiber Content of Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd) Cultivated with Organic and Conventional Fertilization in Different Seasons. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6, 334-343. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2015.62038.
 
References
[1]Andarwulan, N., Batari, R., Sandrasari, D.A., Bolling, B. and Wijaya, H. (2010) Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Vegetables from Indonesia. Journal of Food Chemistry, 121, 1231-1235.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.01.033
 
[2]Benbrook, C.H., Zhao, X., Yanez, J., Davies, N. and Andrews, P. (2008) New Evidence Confirms the Nutritional Superiority of Plant-Based Organic Foods. State of Science Review. www.organic-center.org
 
[3]Carbonaro, M., Mattera, M., Nicoli, S., Bergamo, P. and Cappelloni, M. (2002) Modulation of Antioxidant Compounds in Organic vs. Conventional Fruit (Peach Prunus persica L., and Pear Pyrus communis L.). Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 50, 9-11.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0202584
 
[4]Young, J.E., Zhao, X., Carey, E.E., Welti, R., Yang, S. and Wang, W. (2005) Phytochemical Phenolics in Organically Grown Vegetables. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 49, 1136-1142.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200500080
 
[5]Abu-Zahra, T.R., Al-Ismail, K. and Shatat, F. (2007) Effect of Organic and Conventional Systems on Fruit Quality of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa duch) Grown under Plastic House Conditions in the Jordan Valley. Acta Horticulture (ISHS), 741, 159-171.
 
[6]Ren, H., Endo, H. and Hayashi, T. (2001) Antioxidative and Antimutagenic Activities and Polyphenol Content of Pesticide-Free and Organically Cultivated Green Vegetables Using Water-Soluble Chitosan as a Soil Modifier and Leaf Surface Spray. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 81, 1426-1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.955
 
[7]Worthington, V. (2001) Nutritional Quality of Organic Versus Conventional Fruits, Vegetables, and Grains. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 7, 161-173.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/107555301750164244
 
[8]Hallmann, E. and Rembialkowska, E. (2006) Antioxidant Compounds Content in Selected Onion Bulbs from Organic and Conventional Cultivation. Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering, 51, 42-46.
 
[9]Wang, Z.H., Li, S.X. and Malhi, S. (2008) Review: Effects of Fertilization and Other Agronomic Measures in Nutritional Quality of Crops. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88, 7-23.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3084
 
[10]Moore, J.E. (1994) Forage Quality Indices: Development and Application. In: Fahey, G.C., Ed., Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization, ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, 967-998.
 
[11]Eppendorfer, W.H. and Eggum, B.O. (1996) Fertilizer Effects on Yield, Mineral and Amino Acid Composition, Dietary Fiber and Nutritive Value of Leeks. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 49, 163-174.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01091974
 
[12]Siatka, T. and Kasparova, M. (2010) Seasonal Variation in Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents and DPPH Scavenging Activity of Bellis perennis L. Flowers. Molecules, 15, 9450-9461.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules15129450
 
[13]Marsic, N.K., Gasperli, L., Abram, V., Budic, M. and Vidrih, R. (2011) Quality Parameters and Total Phenolic Content in Tomato Fruits Regarding Cultivar and Microclimatic Conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 35, 185-194.
 
[14]Mualim, L. (2012) Produksi dan Kualitas Kolesom dengan Pemupukan Organik dan Inorganik. Dissertation, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor.
 
[15]Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) Official Method 991.42 (2012) Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist. AOAC Inc., Arlington, Virginia.
 
[16]Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) Official Method 985.29 (2012) Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist. AOAC Inc., Arlington, Virginia.
 
[17]Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) Official Method 991.42 (2012) Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist. AOAC Inc., Arlington, Virginia.
 
[18]McCready, R.M. and McComb (1965) Extraction of the Pectin from the Citrus Peels and Preservation of Pectin to Pectic Acid. Method Carbohydrate Chemistry, 8, 167-170.
 
[19]Blumenkrantz, N. and Asboe-Hansen, G. (1973) New Method for Quantitative Determination of Uronic Acid. Analytical Biochemistry, 54, 484-489.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(73)90377-1
 
[20]Morgan, J.M. (1984) Osmoregulation and Water Stress in Higher Plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 35, 299-319.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.35.060184.001503
 
[21]Styer, J.C. (2000) Regulating Inositol Biosynthesis in Plants: Myo-Inositol Synthase and Myo-Inositol Phosphatase. Thesis, Faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg.
 
[22]Sheveleva, E., Chmara, W., Bohnert, H.J. and Jensen, R.G. (1997) Increased Salt and Drought Tolerance by D-Ononitol Production in Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. Plant Physiology, 115, 1211-1219.
 
[23]Anderson, N.E. and Clydesdale, F.M. (1980) Effects of Processing on the Dietary Fiber Content of Wheat Bran, Pureed Green Beans and Carrots. Journal of Food Science, 45, 1533-1537.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1980.tb07556.x
 
[24]Brown, L., Rosner, B., Willett, W.W. and Sacks, F.M. (1999) Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Dietary Fiber: A Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69, 30-42.
 
[25]Baker, R.A. (1997) Reassessment of Some Fruit and Vegetables Pectin Levels. Journal of Food Science, 62, 225-229.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb03973.x
 
[26]Story, J.A. and Kritchevsky, D. (1978) Fiber, Hypercholesteremia, and Atherosclerosis. Lipids, 13, 366-369.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02533731
 
[27]Hunninghake, D.B., Miller, V.T., Larosa, J.C., Kinosian, B., Brown, V., Howard, W.J., et al. (1994) Hypocholesterolemic Effects of a Dietary Fiber Supplement. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59, 1050-1054.
 
[28]Baker, R.A. (1994) Potential Dietary Benefits of Citrus Pectin and Fiber. Food Technology, 48, 133-139.
 
[29]Kutoz, T., Golob, T., Kac, M. and Plestenjak, A. (2003) Dietary Fiber Content of Dry and Processed Beans. Food Chemistry, 80, 231-235.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00258-3
 
[30]Stoughton-Ens, M.D., Hatcher, D.W., Wang, N. and Warkentin, T.D. (2009) Influence of Genotype and Environment on the Dietary Fiber Content of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Grown in Canada. Food Research International, 43, 547-552.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2009.07.011
 
[31]Englyst, H.N. and Hudson, G.J. (1996) The Classification and Measurement of Dietary Carbohydrates. Food Chemistry, 57, 15-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(96)00056-8
 
[32]Desminarti, S. (2001) Kajian serat pangan dan antioksidan alami beberapa jenis sayuran serta daya serap dan retensi antioksidan pada tikus percobaan. Thesis, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor.
 
[33]Jelita, K. (2011) Verifikasi metode analisis serat pangan dengan metode AOAC dan Asp terhadap parameter repeatability, selektivitas, dan ruggedness. Thesis, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural Technology, Bogor.                                     eww150213lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文