跳至主要内容

Regional University-Industry Knowledge Flow: A Study of Chinese Academic Patent Licensing Data

Read  full  paper  at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53615#.VMnwoCzQrzE

ABSTRACT
Knowledge and technology transferring between universities and industries had been an important research focus of innovation management. Bibliometric research on the university-industry knowledge transferring had always used patent collaboration and citation data as indicators. However, patent licensing data were more representative and could target the knowledge transferring directions. This paper had gone through the data of Chinese academic-industry patent licensing and focused on the variances in regional level and geographic distance. Using patent licensing document analyzing method, the academic-industry knowledge flowing patterns had been discovered. Results showed that localization effects had been existed in those Chinese regions and the engagement of knowledge transferring was severely unbalanced.
 
Cite this paper
Gao, X. , Chen, Y. , Song, W. , Peng, X. and Song, X. (2015) Regional University-Industry Knowledge Flow: A Study of Chinese Academic Patent Licensing Data. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 3, 59-73. doi: 10.4236/jss.2015.32009.
 
References
[1]Abramo, G., D’Angelo, C.A. and Solazzi, M. (2012) A Bibliometric Tool to Assess the Regional Dimension of University-Industry Research Collaborations. Scientometrics, 91, 955-975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0577-5
 
[2]Lei, X.P., et al. (2012) The Inventive Activities and Collaboration Pattern of University-Industry-Government in China Based on Patent Analysis. Scientometrics, 90, 231-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0510-y
 
[3]Mowery, D.C. and Ziedonis, A.A. (2002) Academic Patent Quality and Quantity before and after the Bayh-Dole Act in the United States. Research Policy, 31, 399-418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0510-y
 
[4]Rosenberg, N. and Nelson, R.R. (1994) American Universities and Technical Advance in Industry. Research Policy, 23, 323-348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(94)90042-6
 
[5]Mansfield, E. (1991) Academic Research and Industrial Innovation. Research Policy, 20, 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(91)90080-A
 
[6]Hong, W. (2008) Decline of the Center: The Decentralizing Process of Knowledge Transfer of Chinese Universities from 1985 to 2004. Research Policy, 37, 580-595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.12.008
 
[7]Cohen, W.M. and Levinthal, D.A. (1989) Innovation and Learning: The Two Faces of R & D. The Economic Journal, 99, 569-596. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2233763
 
[8]Cohen, W.M. and Levinthal, D.A. (1990) Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 128-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2393553
 
[9]Dyer, J.H. and Singh, H. (1998) The Relational View: Cooperative Strategy and Sources of Interorganizational Competitive Advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23, 660-679.
 
[10]Adler, P.S. and Kwon, S.W. (2002) Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept. Academy of Management Review, 27, 17-40.
 
[11]Inkpen, A.C. and Tsang, E.W.K. (2005) Social Capital, Networks, and Knowledge Transfer. Academy of Management Review, 30, 146-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2005.15281445
 
[12]Chesbrough, H.W. (2003) Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Harvard Business Press, Boston.
 
[13]Salter, A.J. and Martin, B.R. (2001) The Economic Benefits of Publicly Funded Basic Research: A Critical Review. Research Policy, 30, 509-532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00091-3
 
[14]Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L. (2000) The Dynamics of Innovation: From National Systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations. Research Policy, 29, 109-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4
 
[15]Bozeman, B. (2000) Technology Transfer and Public Policy: A Review of Research and Theory. Research Policy, 29, 627-655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00093-1
 
[16]Gao, X., Guan, J.C. and Rousseau, R. (2011) Mapping Collaborative Knowledge Production in China Using Patent Co-Inventorships. Scientometrics, 88, 343-362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0404-z
 
[17]Scherngell, T. and Hu, Y.J. (2011) Collaborative Knowledge Production in China: Regional Evidence from a Gravity Model Approach. Regional Studies, 45, 755-772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343401003713373
 
[18]Liang, L.M. and Zhu, L. (2002) Major Factors Affecting China’s Inter-Regional Research Collaboration: Regional Scientific Productivity and Geographical Proximity. Scientometrics, 55, 287-316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019623925759
 
[19]Azagra-Caro, J.M. (2012) Access to Universities’ Public Knowledge: Who’s More Nationalist? Scientometrics, 91, 671-691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-012-0629-5
 
[20]Alcacer, J. and Gittelman, M. (2006) Patent Citations as a Measure of Knowledge Flows: The Influence of Examiner Citations. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 88, 774-779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest.88.4.774
 
[21]Mowery, D.C., Nelson, R.R., Sampat, B.N. and Ziedonis, A.A. (2001) The Growth of Patenting and Licensing by US Universities: An Assessment of the Effects of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980. Research Policy, 30, 99-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00100-6
 
[22]Shane, S. (2002) Selling University Technology: Patterns from MIT. Management Science, 48, 122-137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.48.1.122.14281
 
[23]Sampat, B.N. (2006) Patenting and US Academic Research in the 20th Century: The World before and after Bayh-Dole. Research Policy, 35, 772-789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.009
 
[24]Jaffe, A.B., Trajtenberg, M. and Henderson, R. (1992) Geographic Localization of Knowledge Spillovers as Evidenced by Patent Citations. National Bureau of Economic Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3993
 
[25]Mansfield, E. and Lee, J.-Y. (1996) The Modern University: Contributor to Industrial Innovation and Recipient of Industrial R&D Support. Research Policy, 25, 1047-1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(96)00893-1
 
[26]Adams, J.D. (2002) Comparative Localization of Academic and Industrial Spillovers. Journal of Economic Geography, 2, 253-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/2.3.253                       eww150129lx

评论

此博客中的热门博文

Incorporation of High-Altitude Balloon Experiment in High School Science Classrooms

High-altitude balloon is a balloon, filled usually with helium or hydrogen that ascends into an area called “near space” or stratosphere. The most common type of high-altitude balloons are weather balloons. Other purposes include use as a platform for experiments in the upper atmosphere. Modern balloons generally contain electronic equipment such as radio transmitters, cameras, or satellite navigation systems, such as GPS receivers. The mission of the High-Altitude Balloon Experiment (HABE) is to acquire supporting data, validate enabling technologies, and resolve critical acquisition, tracking, and pointing (ATP) and fire control issues in support of future space-based precision pointing experiments. The use of high-altitude balloons offers a relatively low-cost, low-vibration test platform, a recoverable and reusable payload, worldwide launch capability, and a 'near- space' emulation of the future space systems operational scenarios. More recently, several university...

The Influence of Heated Soil in Crop of “Tamaris” Tomato Plants on the Biological Activity of the Rhizosphere Soil

Tomato is a plant with high heat requirements and sensitive to cold weather and frost. The optimum temperature for the growth of tomato plants is between 21˚C and 27˚C during the day and between 17˚C and 21˚C at night. The soil temperature is also very important for plant growth. The optimum soil temperature for tomato cultivation should be within the range 15˚C - 18˚C. Besides, the proper development of the root system depends on the optimal temperature of the soil. A temperature below 14˚C reduces and inhibits the growth of the root system and encourages the development of fungal and bacterial diseases. In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate the effect of heated soil on the population of bacteria, fungi and nematodes inhabiting the soil of tomato cultivar “Tamaris” growing in peat and coconut substrates. The experiment was carried out in 12 treatments and in 3 replications (one slab was one replication). The soils were tested in two different types of containers: cylinders...

Electron Spin and Proton Spin in the Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Like Atomic Systems

Read full paper at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52202#.VIj7tMnQrzE Author(s) Stanisław Olszewski * Affiliation(s) Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland . ABSTRACT The mechanical angular momentum and magnetic moment of the electron and proton spin have been calculated semiclassically with the aid of the uncertainty principle for energy and time. The spin effects of both kinds of the elementary particles can be expressed in terms of similar formulae. The quantization of the spin motion has been done on the basis of the old quantum theory. It gives a quantum number n = 1/2 as the index of the spin state acceptable for both the electron and proton ...