跳至主要内容

Autonomous Data Exchange: The Malady and a Possible Path to Its Cure

Read  full  paper  at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53603#.VMnrIyzQrzE

Author(s)  

ABSTRACT
Data exchange is a goal-oriented social communications system implemented through computerized technology. Data definition languages (DDLs) provide the syntax for communicating within and between organizations, illocutionary acts, such as informing, ordering and warning. Data exchange results in meaning-preserving mapping between an ensemble (a constrained variety) and its external (unconstrained) variety. Research on unsupervised structured and semi-structured data exchange has not produced any significant successes over the past fifty years. As a step towards finding a solution, this article proposes a new look at data exchange by using the principles of complex adaptive systems (CAS) to analyze current shortcomings and to propose a direction that may indeed lead to workable and mathematically grounded solution. Three CAS attributes key to this research are variety, tension and entropy. We use them to show that older and contemporary DDLs are identical in their core, thus explaining why even XML and Ontologies have failed to a create fully automated data exchange mechanism. Then we show that it is possible to construct a radically different DDL that overcomes existing data exchange limitations—its variety, tension and entropy are different from existing solutions. The article has these major parts: definition of key CAS attributes; quantitative examination of representative old and new DDLs using these attributes; presentation of the results and their pessimistic ramification; a section that proposes a new theoretical way to construct DDLs that is based entirely on CAS principles, thus enabling unsupervised data exchange. The theory is then tested, showing very promising results.
 
Cite this paper
Rohn, E. (2015) Autonomous Data Exchange: The Malady and a Possible Path to Its Cure. Intelligent Information Management, 7, 22-32. doi: 10.4236/iim.2015.71003.
 
References
[1]Searle, J.R. (1969) Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173438
 
[2]Batini, C., Lenzerini, M. and Navathe, S. (1986) A Comparative Analysis of Methodologies for Database Schema Integration. ACM Computing Surveys, 18, 323-364.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/27633.27634
 
[3]Hunter, A. and Liu, W. (2006) Merging Uncertain Information with Semantic Heterogeneity in XML. Knowledge and Information Systems, 9, 230-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10115-005-0220-y
 
[4]Flahive, A., Taniar, D., Rahayu, W. and Apduhan, B.O. (2012) A Methodology for Ontology Update in the Semantic grid Environment. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience.
 
[5]Mao, M., Peng, Y. and Spring, M. (2011) Ontology Mapping: As a Binary Classification Problem. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 23, 1010-1025.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpe.1633
 
[6]Sowa, J.F. (2001) Meaning-Preserving Translations.
http://users.bestweb.net/~sowa/logic/meaning.htm
 
[7]Sowa, J.F. (2006) Worlds, Models and Descriptions. Studia Logica, 84, 323-360.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11225-006-9012-y
 
[8]Ashby, R.W. (1940) Adaptiveness and Equilibrium. Journal of Mental Science, 86, 478-484.
 
[9]Ashby, R.W. (1956) An Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman & Hall, London.
 
[10]Ashby, R.W. (1947) The Nervous System as Physical Machine: With Special Reference to the Origin of Adaptive Behavior. Mind, 56, 44-59.
 
[11]Casti, J.L. Canonical Models and the Law of Requisite Variety. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 46.
 
[12]Buckley, W. (1967) Sociology and Modern Systems Theory. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Clifs.
 
[13]Raymond, R.C. (1950) Communication, Entropy, and Life. American Scientist, 38, 273-278.
 
[14]Shannon, C.E. (1948) A Mathematical Theory of Communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27, 379-423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x
 
[15]Dustdar, S., Pichler, R., Savenkov, V. and Truong, H.-L. (2012) Quality-Aware Service-Oriented Data Integration: Requirements, State of the Art and Open Challenges. SIGMOD Record, 41, 11-19.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2206869.2206873
 
[16]Halevy, A., Rajaraman, A. and Ordille, J. (2006) Data Integration: The Teenage Years. In: Dayal, U., Whang, K.-Y., Lomet, D., Alonso, G., Lohman, G., Kersten, M., Cha, S.K. and Kim, Y.-K., Eds., Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB’06), VLDB Endowment, 9-16.
 
[17]Vincent, M.W., Liu, J. and Mohania, M. (2012) The Implication Problem for “Closest Node” Functional Dependencies in Complete XML Documents. Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 78, 1045-1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcss.2012.01.003
 
[18]Zipf, G.K. (1949) Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort: An Introduction to Human Ecology. Addison-Wesley, Reading.
 
[19]Miller, G.A. (1995) WordNet: A Lexical Database for English. Communications of the ACM, 38, 39-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/219717.219748
 
[20]WordNet (2005) WordNet Website. Princeton University, Princeton.
 
[21]Thue, A. (1914) Probleme über Veränderungen von Zeichenreihen nach gegebener Regeln. Skriftei utgit av Videnskopsselskapet i Kristiania, I, atematisknaturvidenskabelig klasse, No. 10.               eww150129lx
 
[22]Weisstein, E.W. (2010) Substitution System. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SubstitutionSystem.html

评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...