跳至主要内容

Performance of a Direct Injection of IC Engine on SVO and Biodiesel from Multiple Feedstocks

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=48729#.VKNvFsnQrzE

Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO) is a promising biofuel with a low energy input to energy output ratio. Successful use of SVO in engines depends on engine performance, wear and emissions. This study focuses on short term engine emissions and performance. This research uses oils produced in Colorado as a full diesel fuel substitute in a modified single cylinder engine. This engine testing was conducted in the laboratory. The test engine was a Yanmar TF140E, which is naturally aspirated and uses low pressure (～140 bar) mechanical direct injection. The engine fuel system was modified to accommodate a 2-tank custom SVO kit. The SVO was heated to 75 °C. Fuel economy and emissions measurements were performed for petroleum diesel, four different vegetable oils (sunflower, canola, camelina, and soybean) and their biodiesel derivatives. Fuel mass flow, oxides of nitrogen (NOX), total hydrocarbons (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter were measured. No engine degradation was experienced through approximately 50 hrs of testing on SVO and 50 hrs of testing on biodiesel. Overall engine emissions for SVO and biodiesel, with the exception of THC for biodiesel, were higher than petroleum diesel. More favorable biofuel emissions comparisons to diesel are expected with other engine designs based on data from various literature sources. Data comparing raw and refined SVO indicate that refined vegetable oil produces lower particulate matter (PM) emissions. General trends were observed showing that oils with higher levels of polyunsaturated fats (e.g. C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3) produce higher levels of NOX and THC’s.
Cite this paper
Nettles-Anderson, S. , Olsen, D. , Johnson, J. and Enjalbert, J. (2014) Performance of a Direct Injection of IC Engine on SVO and Biodiesel from Multiple Feedstocks. Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, 2, 1-13. doi: 10.4236/jpee.2014.28001.
 

[1] Strayer, R.C., Blake, J.A. and Craig, W.K. (1983) Canola and High Erucic Rapeseed Oil as Substitutes for Diesel Fuel: Preliminary Tests. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 60, 1587-1592.
[2] Gao, J., Hao, X., Thelen, K.D. and Robertson, G.P. (2009) Agronomic Management System and Precipitation Effect on Soybean Oil and Fatty Acid Profiles. Crop Science, 49, 1049-1057.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2008.08.0497
[3] Nettles-Anderson, S.L. and Olsen, D.B. (2009) Survey of Straight Vegetable Oil Composition Impact on Combustion Properties. SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0487.
[4] Coleman, H.W. and Steele, G. (2009) Experimentation and Uncertainty Analysis for Engineers. 2nd Edition, Wiley, New York. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470485682
[5] Nishi, K., Korematsu, K. and Tanaka, J. (2004) Potential of Rapeseed Oil as Diesel Fuel. Society of Automotive Engineers 2004-01-1858.
[6] Shaheed, A. and Swain, E. (1999) Combustion Analysis of Coconut Oil and Its Methyl Esters in a Diesel Engine. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 213, 417-425.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0957650991537798
[7] Almeida, S.C.A., Belchior, C.R., Nascimento, M.V.G., Vieira, L.S.R. and Fleury, G. (2002) Performance of a Diesel Generator Fuelled with Palm Oil. Fuel, 81, 2097-2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(02)00155-2
[8] Hemmerlein, N., Korte, V., Richter, H. and SchrÖder, G. (1991) Performance, Exhaust Emissions and Durability of Modern Diesel Engines Running on Rapeseed Oil. SAE Technical Paper 910848.
[9] Bari, S., Lim, T.H. and Yu, C.W. (2002) Effects of Preheating of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) on Injection System, Performance and Emission of a Diesel Engine. Renewable Energy, 27, 339-351.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-1481(02)00010-1           eww141231lx
[10] Graboski, M.S. and McCormick, R.L. (1998) Combustion of Fat and Vegetable Oil Derived Fuels in Diesel Engines. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 24, 125-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1285(97)00034-8
[11] McCormick, R.L., Graboski, M.S., Alleman, T.L. and Herring, A.M. (2001) Impact of Biodiesel Source Material and Chemical Structure on Emission of Criteria Pollutant from a Heavy-Duty Engine. Environmental Science Technology, 35, 1742-1747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es001636t
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Electron Spin and Proton Spin in the Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Like Atomic Systems

Read full paper at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52202#.VIj7tMnQrzE Author(s) Stanisław Olszewski * Affiliation(s) Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland . ABSTRACT The mechanical angular momentum and magnetic moment of the electron and proton spin have been calculated semiclassically with the aid of the uncertainty principle for energy and time. The spin effects of both kinds of the elementary particles can be expressed in terms of similar formulae. The quantization of the spin motion has been done on the basis of the old quantum theory. It gives a quantum number n = 1/2 as the index of the spin state acceptable for both the electron and proton ...
发表评论
阅读全文

A Study on the Seismic Isolation Systems of Bridges with Lead Rubber Bearings

Read full paper at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52566#.VJt06cCAM4 Author(s)   Woo-Suk Kim , Dong-Joon Ahn , Jong-Kook Lee Affiliation(s) School of Architecture, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea . ABSTRACT This study consists of the development and presentation of example of seismic isolation system analysis and design for a continuous, 3-span, cast-in-place concrete box girder bridge. It is expected that example is developed for all Lead-Rubber Bearing (LRB) seismic isolation system on piers and abutments which placed in between super-structure and sub-structure. Design forces, displacements, and drifts are given distinctive consideration in...
发表评论
阅读全文

Effects of Karate Training on Basic Motor Abilities of Primary School Children

“You never attack first in karate” might be the best conclusion of karate, which is a martial art practiced typically without weapons. It’s reported that karate has a long history for several hundred years, but the modern karate was spread to the whole Japan from Okinawa in the early part of 20th century. Now it has become one of the most widely practiced martial art forms in the world. Usually, it’s divided into Kihon, Kata and Kumite. As for the beginners, Kihon is more suitable for them because it involves basic techniques. Due to karate consists of dynamic offensive and defensive techniques using all parts of the body to their maximum advantage, the best understanding of true karate practice is the perfection of oneself through the perfection of the art. It not only develops coordination, quickens reflexes, and builds stamina, but also develops composure, a clearer thought process, deeper insight into one’s mental capabilities, and more self-confidence. So many researchers stu...
发表评论
阅读全文