跳至主要内容

Investigation of the Flow Pattern inside a Diesel Engine Injection Nozzle to Determine the Relationship between Various Flow Parameters and the Occurrence of Cavitation

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52325#.VJDXY8nQrzE

In diesel engines the fuel injection system produces the spray, which directly affects the combustion of the fuel, which in turn determines the production of pollutants. In spite of this, the details of this causal relationship remain unclear. There is, however, a lack of quantitative experimental data for determining and visualizing the cavitation inside real size diesel injector nozzle. The present work is devoted to analyze analytically the flow pattern inside the nozzle of a diesel engine working with hydrocarbon fuel (Diesel fuel) and to predict the relationship between the various flow parameters and occurrence of fuel cavitation in such nozzles. Basic physical parameters affecting this phenomenon are identified and quantified while the effect of nozzle geometry, fuel injection pressure, and engine cylinder temperature upon the flow pattern and occurrence of cavitation in such nozzles are assessed. In this study, a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package (FLUENT-T grid) is used while a computational grid is generated for the real geometry of diesel injector nozzle using (ANSYS). The suitability of the generated computational grid to give reliable results is examined using the suitable procedures and techniques. The results indicated that, cavitation modeling has reached a stage of maturity and it can usefully identify many of the cavitation structures present in internal nozzle flows and their dependence on nozzle design and flow conditions. The qualitative distributions and comparison of cavitation inception and distribution as well as flow parameters at the nozzle exit are also studied.
Cite this paper
Bastawissi, H. and Elkelawy, M. (2014) Investigation of the Flow Pattern inside a Diesel Engine Injection Nozzle to Determine the Relationship between Various Flow Parameters and the Occurrence of Cavitation. Engineering, 6, 923-935. doi: 10.4236/eng.2014.613084. 
 

[1] Elkelawy, M., Yu-Sheng, Z., El-Din, H.A., Jing-Zhou, Y., El Zahaby, A., El Shenawy, E., et al. (2009) Experimental Study on Flash Boiling and Micro-Explosion of Emulsified Diesel Fuel Spray Droplets by Shadowgraph Technology. Transactions of CSICE, 306-313.
[2] Ghaffarpour, M., Azarfam, M. and Noorpoor, A. (2006) Emission Reduction in Diesel Engines Using New Fuel Injection System. JSME International Journal Series B, 49, 1298-1306.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb.49.1298
[3] Senda, J., Wada, Y., Kawano, D. and Fujimoto, H. (2008) Improvement of Combustion and Emissions in Diesel Engines by Means of Enhanced Mixture Formation Based on Flash Boiling of Mixed Fuel. International Journal of Engine Research, 9, 15-27.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/14680874JER02007
[4] Wang, D., Zhang, C. and Wang, Y. (2007) A Numerical Study of Multiple Fuel Injection Strategies for NOx Reduction from DI Diesel Engines. International Journal of Green Energy, 4, 453-470.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15435070701465912
[5] Gavaises, M. and Andriotis, A. (2006) Cavitation inside Multi-Hole Injectors for Large Diesel Engines and Its Effect on the Near-nozzle Spray Structure. SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1114.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-1114
[6] Som, S., Aggarwal, S.K., El-Hannouny, E.M. and Longman, D.E. (2010) Investigation of Nozzle Flow and Cavitation Characteristics in a Diesel Injector. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 132, Article ID: 042802.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3203146
[7] Xue, Q., Som, S., Battistoni, M., Longman, D.E., Zhao, H., et al. (2013) Three-Dimensional Simulations of the Transient Internal Flow in a Diesel Injector: Effects of Needle Movement. ILASS Americas, 25th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Pittsburgh, 5-8 May 2013.
[8] Heimgartner, C. and Leipertz, A. (2000) Investigation of the Primary Spray Breakup Close to the Nozzle of a Common —Rail High Pressure Diesel Injection System. Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-1799.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-1799
[9] Payri, R., Margot, X. and Salvador, F. (2002) A Numerical Study of the Influence of Diesel Nozzle Geometry on the Inner Cavitating Flow. SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0215.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0215
[10] Delale, C.F., Okita, K. and Matsumoto, Y. (2005) Steady-State Cavitating Nozzle Flows with Nucleation. ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Journal of Fluids Engineering, 127, 770-777.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1949643
[11] Yuan, W.X. and Schnerr, G.H. (2003) Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flow in Injection Nozzles: Interaction of Cavitation and External Jet Formation. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 125, 963-969.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1625687
[12] Von Berg, E., Edelbauer, W., Alajbegovic, A., Tatschl, R., Volmajer, M., Kegl, B., et al. (2005) Coupled Simulations of Nozzle Flow, Primary Fuel Jet Breakup, and Spray Formation. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 127, 897-908.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1914803
[13] Som, S., Senecal, P.K. and Pomraning, E. (2012) Injection Parameter Effects on Diesel Spray Characteristics. 24th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, San Antonio, 21-23 May 2012.
[14] Payri, F., Bermudez, V., Payri, R. and Salvador, F. (2004) The Influence of Cavitation on the Internal Flow and the Spray Characteristics in Diesel Injection Nozzles. Fuel, 83, 419-431.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2003.09.010
[15] Hasegawa, T., Matsui, K., Iwasaki, T., Kobayashi, T. and Matsumoto, Y. (1998) Injection Characteristics and Spray Features of the Variable Orifice Nozzle (VON) for Direct Injection Diesel Engines.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/980807
[16] Suh, H.K. and Lee, C.S. (2008) Effect of Cavitation in Nozzle Orifice on the Diesel Fuel Atomization Characteristics. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 29, 1001-1009.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2008.03.014
[17] Schmidt, D.P., Rutland, C.J. and Corradini, M.L. (1997) A Numerical Study of Cavitating Flow through Various Nozzle Shapes.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/971597
[18] Kim, J., Nishida, K. and Hiroyasu, H. (1997) Characteristics of the Internal Flow in a Diesel Injection Nozzle. International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research, 24, 34-44.
[19] Badock, C., Wirth, R., Fath, A. and Leipertz, A. (1999) Investigation of Cavitation in Real Size Diesel Injection Nozzles. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 20, 538-544.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-727X(99)00043-0
[20] Takenaka, N., Kadowaki, T., Kawabata, Y., Lim, I. and Sim, C. (2005) Visualization of Cavitation Phenomena in a Diesel Engine Fuel Injection Nozzle by Neutron Radiography. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 542, 129-133.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.089
[21] Schmidt, D.P. (1997) Cavitation in Diesel Fuel Injector Nozzles. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison.
[22] Chaves, H., Knapp, M., Kubitzek, A., Obermeier, F. and Schneider, T. (1995) Experimental Study of Cavitation in the Nozzle Hole of Diesel Injectors Using Transparent Nozzles. SAE Technical Paper, No. 950290.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/950290
[23] El-Din, H.A., Zhang, Y.S. and Elkelawy, M. (2012) A Computational Study of Cavitation Model Validity Using a New Quantitative Criterion. Chinese Physics Letters, 29, Article ID: 064703.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/29/6/064703
[24] Bastawissi, H. and Elkelawy, M. (2012) Computational Evaluation of Nozzle Flow and Cavitation Characteristics in a Diesel Injector. SAE International Journal of Engines, 5, 1605-1616.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1652
[25] Fluent Inc. (2014) FLUENT, V6.2, User’s Manual.
http://www.ansys.com
[26] Singhal, A.K., Athavale, M.M., Li, H. and Jiang, Y. (2002) Mathematical Basis and Validation of the Full Cavitation Model. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 124, 617-624.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1486223
[27] Rouse, H. and McNown, J.S. (1948) Cavitation and Pressure Distribution: Head Forms at Zero Angle of Yaw. State University of Iowa, Iowa City.
http://ir.uiowa.edu/uisie/32                                  eww141217lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Electron Spin and Proton Spin in the Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Like Atomic Systems

Read full paper at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52202#.VIj7tMnQrzE Author(s) Stanisław Olszewski * Affiliation(s) Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland . ABSTRACT The mechanical angular momentum and magnetic moment of the electron and proton spin have been calculated semiclassically with the aid of the uncertainty principle for energy and time. The spin effects of both kinds of the elementary particles can be expressed in terms of similar formulae. The quantization of the spin motion has been done on the basis of the old quantum theory. It gives a quantum number n = 1/2 as the index of the spin state acceptable for both the electron and proton ...
发表评论
阅读全文

Effects of Karate Training on Basic Motor Abilities of Primary School Children

“You never attack first in karate” might be the best conclusion of karate, which is a martial art practiced typically without weapons. It’s reported that karate has a long history for several hundred years, but the modern karate was spread to the whole Japan from Okinawa in the early part of 20th century. Now it has become one of the most widely practiced martial art forms in the world. Usually, it’s divided into Kihon, Kata and Kumite. As for the beginners, Kihon is more suitable for them because it involves basic techniques. Due to karate consists of dynamic offensive and defensive techniques using all parts of the body to their maximum advantage, the best understanding of true karate practice is the perfection of oneself through the perfection of the art. It not only develops coordination, quickens reflexes, and builds stamina, but also develops composure, a clearer thought process, deeper insight into one’s mental capabilities, and more self-confidence. So many researchers stu...
发表评论
阅读全文

Fermented Brown Sugar Residue Prolongs the Caenorhabditis elegans Lifespan via DAF-16

Fermented brown sugar residue (FBSR) is generated in the course of purifying biomass ethanol from the yeast fermentation products of brown sugar. It contains abundant nutrition and is used in various industrial applications including as fertilizer and feed. Meanwhile, brown sugar has attracted attention as a health food and is thought to prevent cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and brain stem diseases. Furthermore, polyphenol, contained in brown sugar, reduces oxidative stress and inhibits glucose absorption. DAF-16 is a transcription factor regulated downstream of the insulin signaling pathway and is one of the main factors contributing to aging and lifespan in C. elegans . Therefore, to determine the precise roles of the DAF-16 transcription factor in stress tolerance and life span, it is necessary to elucidate the signaling pathways involved in DAF-16 activation. This study was designed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling the physiological stress toleran...
发表评论
阅读全文