跳至主要内容

Spatial and Annual Variation of Offshore Wind Resource in China

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=47232#.VFwtFWfHRK1

According to the Chinese "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", two large scale wind farms are planned to be built in the shore of Shandong province and Guangdong province to meet the increasing electricity demand with economic development. Before the construction of wind farm, it is necessary to evaluate the wind potential and its temporal variation along the coast of Shandong province, Guangdong province and Zhejiang province that have been studied in this paper. The data used were obtained from Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Data Assimilation System. The results showed that there is rich wind supply in Zhejiang province with small annual variation. Further away from shore, the wind energy will increase fastest in Guangdong area. The yield of wind energy in Shandong province is not as rich as in the other two provinces as predicted in the study. Furthermore, the layout of wind turbines in wind farm was also investigated to absorb wind energy at the highest efficiency by wind farm. Our results provide a reference for the future construction of wind farms.
Cite this paper
Ge, L. , Uchida, T. and Ohya, Y. (2014) Spatial and Annual Variation of Offshore Wind Resource in China. Energy and Power Engineering, 6, 111-118. doi: 10.4236/epe.2014.66011. 
 

[1] The World Bank Group (2010) China: Meeting the Challenges of Offshore and Large-Scale Wind Power. The World Bank Group, Washington DC.
[2] Li, J.F., Shi, P.F. and Gao, H. (2010) 2010 China Wind Power Outlook.
http://gwec.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/wind-report0919.pdf
[3] Environmental Change Institute (2005) Wind Power and the UK Wind Resource. Environmental Change Institute, Oxford.
[4] Lu, X. and McElroy, M.B. (2009) Global Potential for Wind-Generated Electricity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 10933-10938.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904101106
[5] OECD/International Energy Agency (2011) Technology Roadmaps: China Wind Energy Development Roadmap 2050. International Energy Agency, Paris.
[6] UNFCCC/CCNUCC (2012) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Revision to the Approved Consolidated Baseline Methodology. ACM0002, 6-11.
[7] Liu, C. and He, X. (2003) The Analysis on the Statistical Character of QuikSCAT Scatteromter Winds and Strong Wind Frequency Using Remote Sensor Data from QuikSCAT. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 19, 107-117.
[8] Xu, J.W., Luo, Y., Zhang, X.Z. and Zhu, R. (2008) China Offshore Wind Energy Resources Assessment with the QuikSCAT Data. Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, and Large Water Regions, 13 October 2008, 71050B.
[9] Rienecker, M.M. (2007) The GEOS-5 Data Assimilation System-Documentation. NASA Publication, USA.
[10] Yu, D.Y., Liang, J., Han, X.S. and Zhao, J.G. (2011) Profiling the Regional Wind Power Fluctuation in China. Energy Policy, 39, 299-306.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.09.044
[11] NASA. The GEOS-5 System.
http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/GEOS/
[12] Archer, C.L. and Jacobson, M.Z. (2007) Supplying Baseload Power and Reducing Transmission Requirements by Interconnecting Wind Farms. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 46, 1701-1717.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007JAMC1538.1
[13] Chen, J.-C., Duan, W. and Ye, F. (2011) Research on the Methods Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters. Machinery Design & Manufacture, 18, 73-74. (in Chinese)
[14] Hsu, S.A., Meindl, E.A. and Gilhousen, D.B. (1994) Determining the Power-Law Wind-Profile Exponent under Near-Neutral Stability Conditions at Sea. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 33, 757-772.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<0757:DTPLWP>2.0.CO;2
[15] Musial, W. and Butterfield, S. (2004) Future for Offshore Wind Energy in the United States. Energy Ocean 2004, Palm Beach, 28-29 June 2004.
[16] Chen, K. and He, D.-X. (2003) The Study for the Wake Model of Wind Turbine and the Wake Effects on the Performance of Wind Turbine. Experiments and Measurements in Fluid Mechanics, 17, 84-87.
[17] Szasc, R., Kruger, J. and Fuchs, L. (2011) Numerical Evaluation of the Interaction of Two Wind Turbines for Varying Lateral Spacing. European Wind Energy Annual Event, Bruxelles, 3 November 2011.
http://proceedings.ewea.org/annual2011/allfiles2/1107_EWEA2011presentation.pdf
[18] Ohya, Y. and Karasudani, T. (2010) A Shrouded Wind Turbine Generating High Output Power with Wind-Lens Technology. Energies, 3, 634-649.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en3040634                      eww141107lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

A Comparison of Methods Used to Determine the Oleic/Linoleic Acid Ratio in Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and food crop. It is also a cheap source of protein, a good source of essential vitamins and minerals, and a component of many food products. The fatty acid composition of peanuts has become increasingly important with the realization that oleic acid content significantly affects the development of rancidity. And oil content of peanuts significantly affects flavor and shelf-life. Early generation screening of breeding lines for high oleic acid content greatly increases the efficiency of developing new peanut varieties. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of methods used to classify individual peanut seed as high oleic or not high oleic. Three hundred and seventy-four (374) seeds, spanning twenty-three (23) genotypes varying in oil composition (i.e. high oleic (H) or normal/not high oleic (NH) inclusive of all four peanut market-types (runner, Spanish, Valencia and Virginia), were individually tested ...
发表评论
阅读全文

Location Optimization of a Coal Power Plant to Balance Costs against Plant’s Emission Exposure

Fuel and its delivery cost comprise the biggest expense in coal power plant operations. Delivery of electricity from generation to consumers requires investment in power lines and transmission grids. Placing a coal power plant or multiple power plants near dense population centers can lower transmission costs. If a coalmine is nearby, transportation costs can also be reduced. However, emissions from coal plants play a key role in worsening health crises in many countries. And coal upon combustion produces CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , CO, Metallic and Particle Matter (PM10 & PM2.5). The presence of these chemical compounds in the atmosphere in close vicinity to humans, livestock, and agriculture carries detrimental health consequences. The goal of the research was to develop a methodology to minimize the public’s exposure to harmful emissions from coal power plants while maintaining minimal operational costs related to electric distribution losses and coal logistics. The objective was...
发表评论
阅读全文

Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Continuous Use of a Home-Use High-Frequency Facial Treatment Appliance

At present, many home-use beauty devices are available in the market. In particular, many products developed for facial treatment use light, e.g., a flash lamp or a light-emitting diode (LED). In this study, the safety of 4 weeks’ continuous use of NEWA TM , a high-frequency facial treatment appliance, every alternate day at home was verified, and its efficacy was evaluated in Japanese individuals with healthy skin aged 30 years or older who complained of sagging of the facial skin.  Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin levels, erythema levels, sebum secretion levels, skin color changes and wrinkle improvement in the facial skin were measured before the appliance began to be used (study baseline), at 2 and 4 weeks after it had begun to be used, and at 2 weeks after completion of the 4-week treatment period (6 weeks from the study baseline). In addition, data obtained by subjective evaluation by the subjects themselves on a visual analog scale (VAS) were also analyzed. Fur...
发表评论
阅读全文