跳至主要内容

X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Nano Crystalline Ceramic PbBaTiO3

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=50249#.VDNLf1fHRK0

X-ray crystallography is concerned with discovering and describing the crystal structure. High-temperature superconductivity in ceramic oxides is a new technology in which advances are occurring at a rapid pace. Here, the author describes some properties of a new nano crystalline ceramic type II superconductor, PbBaTiO. Type II superconductors are usually made of metal alloys or complex oxide ceramics. The PBT perovskite phase structure was prepared by the conventional solid state reaction technique. The sample was analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Particle size determination, SEM and EDX. The comparison of XRD results with JCPDS files confirmed the tetragonal structure of the sample with a = b ≠ c and α = β = γ = 90°. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed that its particle size was in the nanometer range. It also confirmed the calculated value of particle size from Debye Scherrer’s formula. EDX spectrum shows the elements of the sample. X-ray instrumental peak broadening analysis was used to evaluate the size and lattice strain by the Williamson-Hall Plot method.
Cite this paper
Vinila, V. , Jacob, R. , Mony, A. , Nair, H. , Issac, S. , Rajan, S. , Nair, A. , Satheesh, D. and Isac, J. (2014) X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Nano Crystalline Ceramic PbBaTiO3. Crystal Structure Theory and Applications, 3, 57-65. doi: 10.4236/csta.2014.33007. 
 

[1] Galasso, F.S. (1969) Structure, Properties and Preparation of Perovskite Type Compounds. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
[2] Navrotsky, A. (1998) Energetics and Crystal Chemical Systematics among Ilmenite, Lithium Niobate, and Perovskite Structures. Chemistry of Materials, 10, 2787-2793.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm9801901
[3] West, A.R. (1974) Solid State Chemistry and It’s Applications. Wiley, New York.
[4] Williamson, G.K. and Hall, W.H. (1953) X-Ray Line Broa Dening from Filed Aluminium and Wolfram. Acta Metallurgica, 1, 22-31.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(53)90006-6
[5] Cullity, B.D. (1978) Elements of X-Ray Diffraction. 2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc., Phillippines.
[6] Xie, Q. and McCourt, F. (2008) Nanotechnology Engineering NE 320L Lab Manual. University of Waterloo, Waterloo.
[7] So, W.W., Jang, J.S., Rhee, Y.W., Kim, K.J. and Moon, S.J. (2001) Preparation of Nanosized Crystalline CdS Particles by the Hydrothermal Treatment. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 237, 136-141.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.7489
[8] Ghosh, S.C., Thanachayanont, C. and Dutta, J. (2004) Studies on Zinc Sulphide Nanoparticles for Field Emission Devices. The 1st ECTI Annual Conference (ECTI-CON2004), Pattaya, 13-14 May 2004.        eww141007lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文