跳至主要内容

The Climate Change Impact on Russia’s Wind Energy Resource: Current Areas of Research

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=50743#.VEm921fHRK0

Exploration of the climate change impact on wind energy is a focus of scientific analysis and research in many countries around the world. Previous studies have demonstrated that over the last three decades measured wind in the boundary and surface layer of the atmosphere has changed all over the globe. However, effects of climate change on the wind energy sector of Russia are not well explored. Therefore, the Russian climate change research needs to focus on improving the analysis and prediction of wind characteristics that are most relevant to Russia’s wind energy development. This paper analyzes the effects of global climate change on the patterns of the general circulation of the atmosphere, large-scale atmospheric temperature field and dynamics, as well as wind speed in the planetary boundary layer and, in particular, in the atmospheric surface layer, with regards to Russia’s geographical location and its climatic characteristics. This paper also explores and discusses current areas of climate change research relevant for estimating the wind energy potential in Russia. Two areas of research are emphasized: study of the impact of global warming on poleward shifts of the large-scale synoptic eddies which strongly affect the weather patterns and wind field over large territories; and the study of the effects of ice melting in Arctic seas which significantly alter the properties of the underlying surface and, thus, speed and direction of wind in the surface layer.
Cite this paper
Soldatenko, S. and Karlin, L. (2014) The Climate Change Impact on Russia’s Wind Energy Resource: Current Areas of Research. Energy and Power Engineering, 6, 371-385. doi: 10.4236/epe.2014.611032. 
 

[1] WWEA (2014) Key Statistics of World Wind Energy Report 2013. WWEA, Shanghai, 7 April 2013, 13 p.
[2] Rogner, H.H., Barthel, F., Cabrera, M., Faaij, A., Giroux, M., Hall, D., Kagramanian, V., Kononov, S., Lefevre, T., Moreira, R., Notstaller, R., Odell, P. and Taylor, M. (2000) Energy Resources. In: World Energy Assessment, Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability, United Nations Development Program United Nations Department of Economics and Social Affairs, and World Energy Council, New York, 135-171.
[3] Grubb, M.J. and Meyer, N.I. (1993) Wind Energy: Resources, Systems and Regional Strategies. In: Johansson, T.B., Kelly, H., Reddy, A.K.N. and Williams, R.H., Eds., Renewable Energy: Sources for Fuels and Electricity, Island Press, Washington DC, 157-212.
[4] Archer, C.L. and Jacobson, M.Z. (2005) Evaluation of Global Wind Power. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, Article ID: D12110.
[5] Lu, X., McElroy, M.B. and Kiviluoma, J. (2009) Global Potential for Wind-Generated Electricity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 106, 10933-10938.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904101106
[6] Jacobson, M.Z. and Archer, C.L. (2012) Saturation Wind Power Potential and Its Implications for Wind Energy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 109, 15678-84.
[7] Marvel, K., Kravitz, B. and Caldera, K. (2012) Geophysical Limits to Global Wind Power. Nature Climate Change, 3, 118-121.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1683
[8] Adams, A.S. and Keith D.W. (2013) Are Global Wind Power Resource Estimates Overstated? Environmental Research Letters, 8, Article ID: 015021.
[9] Wiser, R., Yang, Z., Hand, M., Hohmeyer, D., Infield, D., Jensen, P.H., Nikolarv, V., O’Malley, M., Sinden, G. and Zervos, A. (2011) Wind Energy. In: Edenhofer, R., Pichs-Madruga, R., Sokona, Y., Seyboth, K., Matschoss, P., Kadner, S., Zwickel, T., Eickemeier, P., Hansen, G., Schlomer, S., and von Stechow, C., Eds., IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139151153.011
[10] Nikolaev, V.G., Ganaga, S.V. and Kudriashiv, K.I. (2008) National Inventory of Wind Resources of Russia and Methodological Foundations for Their Determination. Atmograph, Moscow, 590 p.
[11] Starkov, A.N., Landberg, L., Bezroukikh, P.P. and Borisenko, M.M. (2000) Russian Wind Atlas. Russian-Danish Institute for Energy Efficiency, Moscow: Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, 551 p.
[12] Dmitriev, G. (2001) Wind Energy in Russia. VetrEnergo for Gaia Apatity and INFORSE-Europe.
http://www.inforse.org/europe/word_docs/ruswind2.doc
[13] Lorenz, E.N. (1967) The Nature and Theory of the General Circulation of the Atmosphere. World Meteorological Organization.
[14] Pryor, S.C., Barthelmie, R.J., Toung, D.T., Takle, E.S., Arrit, R.W., Flory, D., Gutovsky, W.J. and Roads, J. (2009) Wind Speed Trends over the Contiguous United States. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 114, Published Online.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011416
[15] Vautard, R., Cattiaux, J., Yiou, P., Thepaut, J.N. and Ciais, P. (2010) Northern Hemisphere Atmospheric Stilling Partly Attributed to an Increase in Surface Roughness. Nature Geoscience, 3, 756-761.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo979
[16] Pryor, S.C., Barthelmie, R.J. and Kjellström, E. (2005) Potential Climate Change Impact on Wind Energy Resources in Northern Europe: Analyses Using a Regional Climate Model. Climate Dynamics, 25, 815-835.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-005-0072-x
[17] Harrison, G.P., Cradden, L.C. and Chick, J.P. (2008) Preliminary Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on the UK Onshore Wind Energy Resource. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 30, 1286-1299.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030701839326
[18] Pryor, S.C. and Barthelmie, R.J. (2002) Comparison of Potential Power Production at On- and Off-Shore Sites. Wind Energy, 4, 173-181.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.54
[19] Pryor, S.C. and Barthelmie, R.J. (2003) Long-Term Trends in Near-Surface Flow over the Baltic. International Journal of Climatology, 23, 271-289.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.878
[20] Pryor, S.C. and Barthelmie, R.J. (2010) Climate Change Impacts on Wind Energy: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, 430-437.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.028
[21] Breslow, P.B. and Sailor, D.J. (2002) Vulnerability of Wind Power Resources to Climate Change in the Continental United States. Renewable Energy, 27, 585-598.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-1481(01)00110-0
[22] Sailor, D.J., Smith, M. and Hart, M. (2008) Climate Change Implications for Wind Power Resources in the Northwest United States. Renewable Energy, 33, 2393-2406.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2008.01.007
[23] Wang, C. and Prinn, R.G. (2009) Potential Climatic Impacts and Reliability of Very Large-Scale Wind Farms. Report No. 175, MIT, Cambridge.
[24] Nolan, P., Lynch, P., McGrath, R., Semmler, T. and Wang, S. (2012) Simulating Climate Change and Its Effects on the Wind Energy Resource of Ireland. Wind Energy, 15, 593-608.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.489
[25] Hueging, H., Haas, R., Born, K., Jacob, D. and Pinto, J.G. (2013) Regional Changes in Wind Energy Potential over Europe Using Regional Climate Model Ensemble Projections. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 52, 903-917.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-12-086.1
[26] Masaki, S. (2014) Atmospheric Circulation Dynamics and General Circulation Models. Springer-Verlag, New York.
[27] Lu, J., Vechhi, G.A. and Reichler, T. (2007) Expansion of the Hadley Cell under Global Warming. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, Published Online.
[28] Reichler, T. (2009) Changes in the Atmospheric Circulations as Indicator of Climate Change. In: Letcher, T.M., Ed., Climate Change: Observed Impacts on Planet Earth, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 145-164.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53301-2.00007-5
[29] Bengtsson, L., Hodges, K.I. and Roeckner, E. (2006) Storm Tracks and Climate Change. Journal of Climate, 19, 3518-3543.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3815.1
[30] Kink, K. (1999) Trends in Monthly Maximum and Minimum Surface Wind Speeds in the Coterminous United States, 1961 to 1990. Climate Research, 13, 193-205.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr013193
[31] Pirazzoli, P.A. and Tomasin, A. (2003) Recent Near-Surface Wind Changes in the Central Mediterranean and Adriatic Areas. International Journal of Climatology, 23, 963-973.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.925
[32] Pryor, S.C., Barthelemie, R.J. and Schoof, J.T. (2005) Inter-Annual Variability of Wind Indices across Europe. Wind Energy, 9, 27-38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.178
[33] Smits, A., Klein-Tank, A.M.G. and Können, G.P. (2005) Trends in Storminess over the Netherlands, 1962-2002. International Journal of Climatology, 25, 1331-1344.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.1195
[34] Charney, J.G. (1947) The Dynamics of Long Waves in Baroclinic Westerly Current. Journal of Meteorology, 4, 136-162.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1947)004<0136:TDOLWI>2.0.CO;2
[35] Holton, J.R. (1992) An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology. 3rd Edition, Academic Press, New York.
[36] Eady, E.T. (1949) Long Waves and Cyclone Waves. Tellus, 1, 33-52.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1949.tb01265.x
[37] Frierson, D.M.W. (2006) Robust Increases in Midlatitude Static Stability in Simulations of Global Warming. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, Published Online.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027504
[38] Hall, N.M.J., Hoskins, B.J., Valdes, P.J. and Senior, C.A. (1994) Storm Tracks in a High-Resolution GCM with Doubled Carbon Dioxide. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 120, 1209-1230.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712051905
[39] Yin, H. (2005) A Consistent Poleward Shift of the Storm Tracks in Simulations of 21st Century Climate. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, Published Online.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023684
[40] Frederiksen, J.S. and Frederiksen, C.S. (2007) Interdecadal Changes in Southern Hemisphere Winter Storm Track Modes. Tellus, 59, 599-617.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0870.2007.00264.x
[41] Frederiksen, C.S., Frederiksen, J.S., Sison, J.N. and Williams, R.H. (2011) Observed and Projected Changes in the Annual Cycle of Southern Hemisphere Baroclinicity for Storm Formation. Proceedings of the 19th International Congress on MODSIM, Perth, 12-16 December 2011, 2719-2725
[42] Soldatenko, S.A. and Tingwell, C. (2013) The Sensitivity of Characteristics of Large Scale Baroclinic Unstable Waves in Southern Hemisphere to the Underlying Climate. Advances in Meteorology, 2013, Article ID: 9812711.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/981271
[43] Kidston, J., Dean, S.M., Renwick, J.A. and Vallis, G.K. (2010) A Robust Increase in the Eddy Length Scale in the Simulation of Future Changes. Geophysical Research Letters, 37, Published Online.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GL041615
[44] Mizuta, R., Matsueda, M., Endo, H. and Yukimoto, S. (2011) Future Changes in Extratropical Cyclones Associated with Change in the Upper Troposphere. Journal of Climate, 24, 6456-6470.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI3969.1
[45] Mokhov, I.I., Mokhov, O.I., Petukhov, V.K. and Khairullin, R.R. (1992) On Trends of Atmospheric Cyclogenesis Activity under Climate Change. Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 28, 11-26.
[46] Phillips, N.A. (1954) Energy Transformation and Meridional Circulation Associated with Simple Baroclinic Waves in a Two-Level, Quasi-Geostrophic Model. Tellus, 6, 273-286.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1954.tb01123.x
[47] Palmen, E. and Newton, C.W. (1969) Atmospheric Circulation System. Academic Press, New York.
[48] Jacobson, M.Z. (2005) Fundamental of Atmospheric Modeling. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139165389
[49] Hoskins, B.J. (1983) Dynamical Processes in the Atmosphere and the Use of Models. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 109, 1-21.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710945902
[50] Cook, K.H. and Held, I.M. (1992) The Stationary Response to Large-Scale Orography in a General Circulation Model and a Linear Model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 49, 525-539.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<0525:TSRTLS>2.0.CO;2
[51] Kirk-Davidoff, D.B. and Keith, D.W. (2008) On the Climate Impact of Surface Roughness Anomalies. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 65, 2215-2234.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007JAS2509.1
[52] Comiso, J., Parkinson, C., Gertsen, R. and Stock, L. (2008) Accelerated Decline in the Arctic Sea Ice Cover. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, Published Online.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031972
[53] Kumar, A., Perlwitz, J., Eischeid, J., Quan, X., Xu, T., Zhang, T., Hoerling, M., Jha, B. and Wang, W. (2010) Contribution of Sea Ice Loss to Arctic Amplification. Geophysical Research Letters, 37, Published Online.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL045022
[54] Petoukhov, V. and Semenov, V.A. (2010) A Link between Reduced Barents-Kara Sea Ice and Cold Winter Extremes over Northern Continents. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 115, Published Online.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013568
[55] Jaiser, R., Dethloff, K., Handorf, D., Rinke, A. and Cohen, J. (2012) Impact of Sea Ice Cover Changes on the Northern Hemisphere Atmospheric Winter Circulation. Tellus, 64, 11595.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.11595
[56] Guest, P.S. and Davidson, K.L. (1991) The Aerodynamic Roughness of Different Types of Sea Ice. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 96, 4709-4721.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90JC02261                       eww141024lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Electron Spin and Proton Spin in the Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Like Atomic Systems

Read full paper at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52202#.VIj7tMnQrzE Author(s) Stanisław Olszewski * Affiliation(s) Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland . ABSTRACT The mechanical angular momentum and magnetic moment of the electron and proton spin have been calculated semiclassically with the aid of the uncertainty principle for energy and time. The spin effects of both kinds of the elementary particles can be expressed in terms of similar formulae. The quantization of the spin motion has been done on the basis of the old quantum theory. It gives a quantum number n = 1/2 as the index of the spin state acceptable for both the electron and proton ...
发表评论
阅读全文

Incorporation of High-Altitude Balloon Experiment in High School Science Classrooms

High-altitude balloon is a balloon, filled usually with helium or hydrogen that ascends into an area called “near space” or stratosphere. The most common type of high-altitude balloons are weather balloons. Other purposes include use as a platform for experiments in the upper atmosphere. Modern balloons generally contain electronic equipment such as radio transmitters, cameras, or satellite navigation systems, such as GPS receivers. The mission of the High-Altitude Balloon Experiment (HABE) is to acquire supporting data, validate enabling technologies, and resolve critical acquisition, tracking, and pointing (ATP) and fire control issues in support of future space-based precision pointing experiments. The use of high-altitude balloons offers a relatively low-cost, low-vibration test platform, a recoverable and reusable payload, worldwide launch capability, and a 'near- space' emulation of the future space systems operational scenarios. More recently, several university...
1 条评论
阅读全文

Fermented Brown Sugar Residue Prolongs the Caenorhabditis elegans Lifespan via DAF-16

Fermented brown sugar residue (FBSR) is generated in the course of purifying biomass ethanol from the yeast fermentation products of brown sugar. It contains abundant nutrition and is used in various industrial applications including as fertilizer and feed. Meanwhile, brown sugar has attracted attention as a health food and is thought to prevent cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and brain stem diseases. Furthermore, polyphenol, contained in brown sugar, reduces oxidative stress and inhibits glucose absorption. DAF-16 is a transcription factor regulated downstream of the insulin signaling pathway and is one of the main factors contributing to aging and lifespan in C. elegans . Therefore, to determine the precise roles of the DAF-16 transcription factor in stress tolerance and life span, it is necessary to elucidate the signaling pathways involved in DAF-16 activation. This study was designed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling the physiological stress toleran...
发表评论
阅读全文