跳至主要内容

Snai-1 and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Protein Immunoexpression in Canine Mammary Carcinomas

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=50710#.VEmmE1fHRK0

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is defined as switching of polarized epithelial cells to a migratory fibroblastoid phenotype. EMT is known to be involved in the progression and metastasis of various cancers in humans, but this specific process is still little explored in the veterinary literature. The aim of this research was to evaluate the expression of EMT-related proteins in canine mammary carcinomas (CMCs). The expression of six EMT-related proteins in 94 CMCs of female dogs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a tissue array method. Additionally, clinicopathological characteristics were compared with the expression of EMT-related proteins. Loss of epithelial protein and/or acquisition of the expression of mesenchymal proteins were observed in CMCs. Loss of epithelial protein and/or acquisition of the expression of mesenchymal proteins were observed, particularly in tumors with evidence of stromal invasion; however, significance was only observed between the S100A4 and vascular invasion. In addition, Snai-1 nuclear immunoexpression was significantly related to E-cadherin loss. In conclusion, loss of epithelial proteins and/or the acquisition of mesenchymal proteins are associated with EMT and may have an important role in the evaluation of CMC patients. The unique immunoexpression pattern of Snai-1 could help to distinguish between an adenoma and a non-metastatic carcinoma and seems to be related to conversion of myoepithelial cells to a complete mesenchymal-like phenotype. Loss of E-cadherin and cytokeratin and change of immunoexpression pattern of Snai-1, N-cadherin, S100A4 and MMP-2 indicate the occurrence of EMT in canine mammary carcinomas and should result in an en bloc resection or a close follow-up.
Cite this paper
Salgado, B. , Rocha, R. , Soares, F. , Gärtner, F. and Rocha, N. (2014) Snai-1 and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Protein Immunoexpression in Canine Mammary Carcinomas. Advances in Breast Cancer Research, 3, 111-117. doi: 10.4236/abcr.2014.34017. 
 

[1] Nerurkar, V.R., Chitale, A.R., Jalnakurpar, B.V., Naik, S. and Lalitha, V.S. (1989) Comparative Pathology of Canine Mammary Turmours. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 101, 389-397.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9975(89)90022-4
[2] Larue, L. and Bellacosa, A. (2005) Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Development and Cancer: Role of Phosphatidylinositol 3’ Kinase/AKT Pathways. Oncogene, 24, 7443-7454.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209091
[3] Jechlinger, M., Grunert, S., Tamir, I.H., Janda, E., Lüdermann, S., Waerner, T., Seither, P., Weith, A., Beug, H. and Kraut, N. (2003) Expression Profiling of Epithelial Plasticity in Tumor Progression. Oncogene, 22, 7155-7169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206887
[4] Thiery, J.P. (2002) Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions in Tumour Progression. Nature Reviews Cancer, 2, 442-454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc822
[5] Gotzmann, J., Mikula, M., Eger, A., Schulte-Hermann, R., Foisner, R., Beug, H. and Mikulitis, W. (2004) Molecular Aspects of Epithelial Cell Plasticity: Implications for Local Tumor Invasion and Metastasis. Mutation Research, 566, 9-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5742(03)00033-4
[6] Misdorp, W., Else, R.W., Hellmen, E. and Lipscomb, T.P. (1999) Histological Classification of Mammary Tumors of the Dog and Cat. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington.
[7] Elston, C.W. and Ellis, I.O. (1998) Assessment of Histological Grade. In: Systemic Pathology, 3rd Edition, Churchill Livingstone, London, 365-384.
[8] Bongiovanni, L., D’Andrea, A., Romanucci, M., Malatesta, D., Candolini, M., Salda, L.D., Mechelli, L., Sforna, M. and Brachelente, C. (2013) Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Immunohistochemical Investigation of Related Molecules in Canine Cutaneous Epithelial Tumours. Veterinary Dermatology, 24, 195-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01116.x
[9] Im, K.S., Kim, J.H., Kim, N.H., Yu, C.H., Hur, T.Y. and Sur, J.H. (2012) Possible Role of Snail Expression as a Prognostic Factor in Canine Mammary Neoplasia. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 147, 121-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.12.002
[10] Willipinski-Stapelfeldt, B., Riethdorf, S., Assmann, V., Woefle, U., Rau, T., Sauter, G., Heukeshoven, J. and Pantel, K. (2005) Changes in Cytoskeletal Protein Composition of an Epithlelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Micrometastatic and Primary Breast Carcinoma Cells. Clinical Cancer Research, 11, 8006-8014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0632
[11] Karantza, V. (2011) Keratins in Health and Cancer: More than Mere Epithelial Cell Markers. Oncogene, 30, 127-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/onc.2010.456
[12] Rudland, S.S., Martin, L., Roshanlall, C., Winstanley, J., Leinster, S., Platt-Higgins, A., Carroll, J., West, C., Barraclough, R. and Rudland, P. (2006) Association of S100A4 and Osteopontin with Specific Prognostic Factors and Survival of Patients with Minimally Invasive Breast Cancer. Clinical Cancer Research, 12, 1192-1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1580
[13] Ismail, N.I., Kaur, G., Hashim, H. and Hassan, M.S. (2008) S100A4 Overexpression Proves to Be Independent Marker for Breast Cancer Progression. Cancer Cell International, 8, 12.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2867-8-12
[14] Brunetti, B., Sarli, G., Preziosi, R., Monari, I. and Benazzi, C. (2005) E-cadherin and β-Catenin Reduction Influence Invasion But Not Proliferation and Survival in Canine Malignant Mammary Tumors. Veterinary Pathology, 42, 781-787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.42-6-781
[15] Nassar, A., Sookhan, N., Santisteban, M., Bryant, S.C., Boughey, J.C., Giorgadze, T. and Degnim, A. (2010) Diagnostic Utility of Snail in Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma. Diagnostic Pathology, 5, 76.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-1596-5-76
[16] Gwin, K., Buell-Gutbrod, R., Tretiakova, M. and Montag, A. (2010) Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Metaplastic Breast Carcinomas with Chondroid Differentiation: Expression of the E-Cadherin Repressor Snail. Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Pathology, 19, 526-531.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0b013e3181e8d54b
[17] Stremmer, V., de Crane, B., Berx, G. and Behrens, J. (2008) Snail Promotes Wnt Target Gene Expression and Interacts with β-Catenin. Oncogene, 27, 5075-5080.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/onc.2008.140                   eww141024lx
 
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文