跳至主要内容

Impact of Iron Availability on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Growth

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=50658#.VEh8Y1fHRK0

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a biocontrol agent whose genome has been sequenced. Within the genome of B. amyloliquefaciens are genes associated with iron chelation, but these genes are not found within all sequenced strains. The impact of iron availability on the B. amyloliquefaciens physiology was examined in this study. B. amyloliquefaciens ATCC 23843 was cultured under ironreplete and iron-deplete conditions for 48 hours, at 37°C. Final growth yields were dependent on iron concentration. Cultures grown in the absence of detectable iron were restricted in growth, but reached their highest yields at 48 hours. Iron restriction was confirmed by the presence of iron chelators in the filtrates. In contrast, B. amyloliquefaciens ATCC 23843 cultures grown with ferric ammonium citrate as the iron source research reached the highest yields at 24 hours. Iron chelator production was not detected in the ferric ammonium samples. A significant decrease in turbidity was observed for these cultures, which coincided with elevated spore production in B. amyloliquefaciens ATCC 23843. A decrease in turbidity was also observed on blood agar, where hemolysis was readily evident. We propose that iron impacts numerous physiological responses and further studies will elucidate the complex regulatory mechanisms governed by iron availability.
Cite this paper
Clark, D. , Youngblood, C. , Taplin, M. , Brown, E. , Williams, B. , Phillips, C. and Garner, B. (2014) Impact of Iron Availability on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Growth. Advances in Microbiology, 4, 962-967. doi: 10.4236/aim.2014.413107. 
 

[1] Saha, R., Saha, N., Donofrio, R.S. and Bestervelt, L.L. (2013) Microbial Siderophores: A Mini Review. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 53, 303-317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jobm.201100552
[2] Hotta, K., Kim, C.Y., Fox, D.T. and Koppisch, A.T. (2010) Siderophore-Mediated Iron Acquisition in Bacillus anthracis and Related Strains. Microbiology, 156, 1918-1925.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.039404-0
[3] Ait Kaki, A., Kacem Chaouche, N., Dehimat, L., Milet, A., Youcef-Ali, M., Ongena, M. and Thonart, P. (2013) Biocontrol and Plant Growth Promotion Characterization of Bacillus Species Isolated from Calendula officinalis Rhizosphere. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 53, 447-452.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12088-013-0395-y
[4] Miethke, M., Klotz, O., Linne, U., May, J.J., Beckering, C.L. and Marahiel, M.A. (2006) Ferri-Bacillibactin Uptake and Hydrolysis in Bacillus subtilis. Molecular Microbiology, 61, 1413-1427.
ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05321.x
[5] Dertz, E.A., Stintzi, A. and Raymond, K.N. (2006) Siderophore-Mediated Iron Transport in Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium glutamicum. Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 11, 1087-1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00775-006-0151-4
[6] Carvalhais, L.C., Dennis, P.G., Fan, B., Fedoseyenko, D., Kierul, K., Becker, A., von Wiren, N. and Borriss, R. (2013) Linking Plant Nutritional Status to Plant-Microbe Interactions. PLoS One, 8, e68555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068555
[7] Hoffmann, T., Schütz, A., Brosius, M., Volker, A., Volker, U. and Bremer, E. (2002) High-Salinity-Induced Iron Limitation in Bacillus subtilis. Journal of Bacteriology, 184, 718-727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.184.3.718-727.2002
[8] He, P., Hao, K., Blom, J., Rückert, C., Vater, J., Mao, Z., Wu, Y., Hou, M., He, P., He, Y. and Borriss, R. (2012) Genome Sequence of the Plant Growth Promoting Strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum B9601-Y2 and Expression of Mersacidin and Other Secondary Metabolites. Journal of Biotechnology, 164, 281-291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.12.014
[9] Chen, X.H., Koumoutsi, A., Scholz, R., Schneider, K., Vater, J., Süssmuth, R., Piel, J. and Borriss, R. (2009) Genome Analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 Reveals Its Potential for Biocontrol of Plant Pathogens. Journal of Biotechnology, 140, 27-37.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.10.011
[10] Rückert, C., Blom, J., Chen, X., Reva, O. and Borriss, R. (2011) Genome Sequence of B. amyloliquefaciens Type Strain DSM7(T) Reveals Differences to Plant-Associated B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42. Journal of Biotechnology, 20, 78-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.01.006
[11] Gaonkar, T. and Bhosle, S. (2013) Effect of Metals on a Siderophore Producing Bacterial Isolate and Its Implications on Microbial Assisted Bioremediation of Metal Contaminated Soils. Chemosphere, 93, 1835-1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.036
[12] Williams, K.M., Martin, W.E., Smith, J., Williams, B.S. and Garner, B.L. (2012) Production of Protocatechuic Acid in Bacillus thuringiensis ATCC33679. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13, 3765-3772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms13033765
[13] Payne, S.M. (1994) Detection, Isolation, and Characterization of Siderophores. Methods in Enzymology, 235, 329-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(94)35151-1
[14] Cherayil, B.J. (2011) The Role of Iron in the Immune Response to Bacterial Infection. Immunological Research, 50, 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12026-010-8199-1
[15] Walsh, B.L., Peters, W.J. and Warren, R.A. (1971) The Regulation of Phenolic Acid Synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 17, 53-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m71-009
[16] Hotta, K., Kim, C.Y., Fox, D.T. and Koppisch, A.T. (2010) Siderophore-Mediated Iron Acquisition in Bacillus anthracis and Related Strains. Microbiology, 156, 1918-1925.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.039404-0
[17] Chen, X.H., Koumoutsi, A., Scholz, R. and Borriss, R. (2009) More than Anticipated—Production of Antibiotics and Other Secondary Metabolites by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, 16, 14-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000142891
[18] Lee, J.Y., Passalacqua, K.D., Hanna, P.C. and Sherman, D.H. (2011) Regulation of Petrobactin and Bacillibactin Biosynthesis in Bacillus anthracis under Iron and Oxygen Variation. PLoS One, 6, e20777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020777
[19] Wilson, M.K., Abergel, R.J., Arceneaux, J.E., Raymond, K.N. and Byers, B.R. (2010) Temporal Production of the Two Bacillus anthracis Siderophores, Petrobactin and Bacillibactin. BioMetals, 23, 129-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10534-009-9272-x
[20] Harvie, D.R., Vílchez, S., Steggles, J.R. and Ellar, D.J. (2005) Bacillus cereus Fur Regulates Iron Metabolism and Is Required for Full Virulence. Microbiology, 151, 569-577.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27744-0
[21] Sineva, E., Shadrin, A., Rodikova, E.A., Andreeva-Kovalevskaya, Z.I., Protsenko, A.S., Mayorov, .SG., Galaktionova, D.Y., Magelky, E. and Solonin, A.S. (2012) Iron Regulates Expression of Bacillus cereus Hemolysin II via Global Regulator Fur. Journal of Bacteriology, 194, 3327-3335.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.00199-12
[22] Park, R.-Y., Choi, M.-H., Sun, H.-Y. and Shin, S.-H. (2005) Production of Catechol-Siderophore and Utilization of Transferrin-Bound Iron in Bacillus cereus. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 28, 1132-1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.1132
[23] Smaldone, G.T., Revelles, O., Gaballa, A., Sauer, U., Antelmann, H. and Helmann, J.D. (2012) A Global Investigation of the Bacillus subtilis Iron-Sparing Response Identifies Major Changes in Metabolism. Journal of Bacteriology, 194, 2594-2605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.05990-11
[24] Benitez, L.B., Velho, R.V., de Souza da Motta, A., Segalin, J. and Brandelli, A. (2012) Antimicrobial Factor from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Inhibits Paenibacillus larvae, the Causative Agent of American Foulbrood. Archives of Microbiology, 194, 177-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00203-011-0743-4                                 eww141023lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文