跳至主要内容

Extraction of Energy Resources—Exploitation of the Canadian Oil Sands

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=48442#.VDy6z1fHRK0

Author(s)  
Considerable reserves of oil sands are located in northernAlberta. Exploitation of these reserves has been instrumental in the development of theAlbertaeconomy. Mining and processing techniques, including “in situ” processing and surface mining/aqueous treatment, are presented. Oil assisted flotation and solvent extraction are discussed as possible future processing alternatives. Subsequent froth treatment and refining methods are described. The rapid expansion of bitumen processing in theFort McMurrayarea has drastically affectedAlberta’s economic, political and social policy. Corresponding strain has been placed on the regional ecosystem. A comparison between wind and bitumen as sources of energy is offered.
Cite this paper
Zhang, W. (2014) Extraction of Energy Resources—Exploitation of the Canadian Oil Sands. Natural Resources, 5, 507-519. doi: 10.4236/nr.2014.59046. 
 

[1] Gray, M.R. (1994) Upgrading of Oilsands Bitumen and Heavy Oil. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 348-352.
[2] Best, J. and Hoberg, G. (2008) Alberta’s Oil Sands: Key Issues and Impacts. Economy, Trade and Finance, 3, 19-21.
[3] Takamura, K. (1985) Physico-Chemical Characterization of Athabasca Oil Sand and Its Significance to Bitumen Recovery. AOSTRA Journal of Research, 2, 1-10.
[4] Schramm, L., Stasiuk, E., Yarranton, H., Maini, B. and Shelfantook, B. (2003) Temperature Effects from the Conditioning and Flotation of Bitumen from Oil Sands in Terms of oil Recovery and Physical Properties. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 42, 55-61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/03-08-05
[5] Czarnecki, J., Radoev, B., Schramm, L.L. and Slavchev, R. (2005) On the Nature of the Athabasca Oil Sands. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 114-115, 53-60.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2004.09.009
[6] Schramm, L., Stasium, E. and Turner, D. (2003) The Influence of Interfacial Tension in the Recovery of Bitumen by Water-Based Conditioning and Flotation of Athabasca Oil Sands. Fuel Processing Technology, 80, 101-118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3820(02)00224-2
[7] Elliott, A., Eastwood, J. and Magennis, L. (2013) Evolution and Application of Geoscience Technology to Integrated Reservoir Characterisation for Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery. Proceedings of the 6th International Petroleum Technology Conference, 26-28 March 2013, Beijing, 6-11.
[8] Su, L., Xu, Z. and Masliyah, J. (2005) Role of Oily Bubbles in Enhancing Bitumen Flotation. Symposium of the Centenary of Flotation, Brisbane, 15-18 October 2013, 699-706.
[9] Smith, R. and Schramm, L. (1992) The Influence of Mineral Components on the Generation of Natural Surfactants from Athabasca Oil Sands in the Alkaline Hot Water Process. Fuel Processing Technology, 30, 1-14.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3820(92)90072-X
[10] Wallwork, V., Xu, Z. and Masliyah, J. (2004) Processibility of Athabasca Oil Sand Using a Laboratory Hydrotransport Extraction System. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 82, 687-695.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450820407
[11] Finch, J.A. and Kuan, S.H. (2013) Air-Assisted Solvent Extraction: Scale-Up Attempt with the Jameson Cell. Proceedings of the 10th International Mineral Processing Conference, Santiago, 15-18 October 2013, 15-18.
[12] Brame, S.E., Castle, J.W., Fuwami, O.K. and Falta, R.W. (2006) History Matching of Heavy Oil Production for Comparing New Approaches to Generating Reservoir Property Distribution. Proceedings of SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, 17-21 April 2004, 93-96.
[13] Shelfantook, W.E. (2004) Perspective on the Selection of Froth Treatment Processes. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 82, 704-709.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450820409
[14] Villarroel, T. and Hernandez, R.T. (2013) Technological Developments for Enhancing Extra Heavy Oil Productivity. Proceedings of the AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition, Pittsburgh, 19-22 May 2013, 1-41.
[15] Hashemi, R., Nassar, N.N. and Almao, P.P. (2013) Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery by in Situ Prepared Ultradispersed Multimetallic Nanoparticles: A Study of Hot Fluid Flooding for Athabasca Bitumen Recovery. Energy Fuels, 27, 2194-2201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef3020537
[16] Bennett, B., Jiang, C., Snowdon, L.R. and Larter, S.R. (2014) A Practical Method for the Separation of High Quality Heavy Oil and Bitumen Samples from Oil Reservoir Cores for Physical and Chemical Property Determination. Fuel, 116, 208-213.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.08.006
[17] Castle, J.W., Falta, R.W., Dinwiddie, C.L., Brame, S. and Bridges, R.A. (2002) Quantitative Methods for Reservoir Characterization and Improved Recovery: Application for Heavy Oil Sands. Final Report for USDOE, Golder Associates Ltd., Edmonton.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/824482
[18] Hawes, R.I., Dawe, R.A. and Evans, R.N. (1997) The Release of Solution Gas from Water Flooded Residual Oil. Society Petroleum Engineering Journal, 2, 379-388.
[19] Falcone, G., Hewitt, G.F. and Alimonti, C. (2009) Multiphase Flow Metering. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 77-84.                               eww141014lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文