跳至主要内容

Canopy Storage Implications on Interception Loss Modeling

Read full paper at：
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=50176#.VDSnblfHRK0

A rainfall interception methodology was implemented in a deciduous Ficus benjamina (L.) tree to evaluate the interception loss, as well as the dynamics on canopy storage capacity (S) and free through fall (ρ). Measurements of gross precipitation (Pg), through fall and meteorological data were recorded every 5 minutes. Nineteen individual storms from summer to autumn 2005, and twenty one in spring to autumn, 2006 were analyzed. For the studied period, 151.59 mm and 203.35 mm of rainfall occurred on 2005 and 2006 respectively. Canopy interception was 59.46% and 70.98% of Pg for the first and second year. Throughfall data recorded during 2005 were  38.14% (of Pg) and 27.21% (of Pg) for 2006. The throughfall and gross precipitation relationship yielded S = 1.50 mm for the 2005 data. In 2006 storms were analyzed in detail, where ρ and S varied in a range from 0.10 to 0.64 and from 1.00 to 2.03 mm, respectively. Moreover, application of the Rutter and Gash models with two years of rainfall data (2005-2006) from the study area indicated an underestimation and overestimation of 69% and 88%, respectively. The slightly best prediction of the interception loss was obtained with the Gash model. Yet S and ρ change significantly due to wind speed, temperature, rainfall intensity and seasonal vegetation development.

Cite this paper
Véliz-Chávez, C. , Mastachi-Loza, C. , González-Sosa, E. , Becerril-Piña, R. and Ramos-Salinas, N. (2014) Canopy Storage Implications on Interception Loss Modeling. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 5, 3032-3048. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2014.520320. 
 

[1] Guevara, E.A., González, S.E., Véliz, Ch.C., Ventura, R.E. and Ramos, S.M. (2006) Rainfall Interception and Distribution Patterns of Gross Precipitation Around and Isolated Ficus benjamina Tree in an Urban Area. Journal of Hydrology, 333, 532-241.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169406005038
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.09.017
[2] Xiao, Q. and Mcpherson, E. (2003) Rainfall Interception by Santa Monica’s Municipal Urban Forest. Urban Ecosystems, 6, 291-302.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:UECO.0000004828.05143.67
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:UECO.0000004828.05143.67
[3] Crockford, R.H. and Richardson, D.P. (1990) Partitioning of Rainfall in a Eucalypt Forest and Pine Plantation in Southeastern Australia: IV. The Relationship of Interception and Canopy Storage Capacity, the Interception of These Forest, and the Effect on Interception of Thinning the Pine Plantation. Hydrological Processes, 4, 169-188.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.3360040207/pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360040207
[4] Horton, E.R. (1919) Rainfall Interception. Monthly Weather Review, 47, 603-623.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1919)47<603:RI>2.0.CO;2
[5] Rutter, J., Kershaw, K., Robins, P. and Morton, A.J. (1971) A Predictive Model of Rainfall Interception in Forest, 1. Derivation of the Model from Observations in a Plantation of Corsican Pine. Agricultural Meteorology, 9, 367-384.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002157171900343
[6] Gash, J.H.C. (1979) An Analytical Model of Rainfall Interception by Forests. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 105, 43-45.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/qj.49710544304/pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710544304
[7] Valente, F., David, J.S. and Gash, J.H.C. (1997) Modelling Interception Loss for Two Sparse Eucalypt and Pine Forest in Central Portugal Using Reformulated Rutter and Gash Analytical Model. Journal of Hydrology, 190, 141-162.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169496030661
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03066-1
[8] Jones, J.R. (1976) Physical Data for Catchment Models. Nordic Hydrology, 7, 245-264.
http://www.iwaponline.com/nh/007/nh0070245.htm
[9] Asdak, C. (2003) Evaporated of Interception Precipitation in Unlogged and Logged Forest Areas of Central Kalimatan, Indonesia. Water Resources System-Water Availability and Global Change (Proceedings of Symposium). IASH No. 208, 275-281.
[10] Zinke, P.J. (1967) The Patterns of Influence of Individual Forest Tree on Soil Properties. Ecology, 43, 130-133.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1932049
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1932049
[11] Lankreijer, H., Hendriks, J. and Klaassen, W. (1993) A Comparison of Models Simulating Rainfall Interception of Forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 64, 187-199.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(93)90028-G
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016819239390028G
[12] Domingo, F., Sánchez, G., Moro, M., Brenner, A. and Puigdefabregas, J. (1998) Measurement and Modelling of Rainfall Interception by Three Semi-Arid Canopies. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 91, 275-292.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192398000689
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(98)00068-9
[13] Xiao, Q. (1999) Rainfall Interception of Urban Forest. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Davis, 184 p.
[14] Bruijnzeel, L.A. (2001) Hydrology of Tropical Montane Cloud Forest: A Reassessment. Land Use and Water Resources Research, 1, 1.1-1.18.
[15] Kimmins, J.P. (1973) Some Statistical Aspects of Sampling Throughfall Precipitation in Nutrient Cycling Studies in British Columbian Coastal Forests. Ecology, 54, 1008-1019.
http://ican.csme.utah.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Kimmins-1973.pdf
[16] Xiao, Q., McPherson, E.G., Ustin, S.L. and Grismer, M.E. (2000) A New Approach to Modeling Tree Rainfall Interception. Journal of Geophysical Research, 29, 173-188.
[17] Pypker, T.G., Bond, B.J., Link, T.E., Marks, D. and Unsworth, M.H. (2005) The Importance of Canopy Structure in Controlling the Interception Loss of Rainfall: Examples from Young and an Old-Growth Douglas-Fir Forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 130, 113-129. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016819230500064X
[18] Gash, J.H.L. and Morton, A.J. (1978) An Application or the Rutter Model to the Estimation of the Interception Loss from Thetford Forest. Journal of Hydrology, 38, 49-58.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022169478901312
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(78)90131-2
[19] Klaassen, W., Bosveld, F. and De Water, E. (1998) Water Storage and Evaporation as Constituents of Rainfall Interception. Journal of Hydrology, 212-213, 36-50.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169498002005
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00200-5
[20] Leyton, L., Reynolds, E.R.C. and Thompson, F.B. (1967) Rainfall Interception in Forest and Moorland. In: Sopper, W.E. and Lull, H.W., Eds., Forest Hydrology, Pergamon, Oxford, 163-178.
[21] Rutter, J. and Morton, A.J. (1977) A Predictive Model of Rainfall Interception in Forest. Sensitivity of the Model to Stand and Parameters and Meteorological Variables. Journal of Applied Ecology, 14, 567-588.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2402568
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2402568
[22] Link, T.E., Unsworth, M. and Marks, D. (2004) The Dynamics of Rainfall Interception by a Seasonal Temperate Rainforest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 124, 171-191.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.01.010
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192304000176
[23] Keim, R.F. and Skaugset, A.E. (2004) A Linear System Model of Dynamic Throughfall Rates Beneath Forest Canopies. Water Resources Research, 40, Published Online.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2003WR002875/full
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002875
[24] Schellekens, J., Scatena, F., Bruijnzeel, L. and Wickel, A. (1999) Modelling Rainfall Interception by a Lowland Tropical Rain in Forest in Northeastern Puerto Rico. Journal of Hydrology, 225, 168-184.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169499001572
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00157-2
[25] Xiao, Q., McPherson, E.G., Ustin, S.L., Grismer, M.E. and Simpson, J.R. (2000) Winter Rainfall Interception by Two Mature Open-Grown Tree in Davis, California. Hydrological Processes, 14, 763-784.
http://www.itreetools.org/streets/resources/Winter_rainfall_interception_Xiao.pdf
[26] Aboal, J.R., Jiménez, M.S., Morales, D. and Hernandez, J.M. (1999) Rainfall Interception in Laurel Forest in the Canary Islands. Agricultural and Forest Meteorologyis, 97, 73-86.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192399000830
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(99)00083-0
[27] Bringfelt, B. and Harsmar, P. (1974) Rainfall Interception in a Forest in the Eleven Hydrological Representative Basin. Hydrology Research, 5, 146-165.
http://www.iwaponline.com/nh/005/nh0050146.htm
[28] Dykes, A.P. (1997) Rainfall Interception from a Lowland Tropical Rainforest in Brunei. Journal of Hydrology, 200, 260-279.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169497000231
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00023-1
[29] Shepherd, J.M. (2006) Evidence of Urban-Induced Precipitation Variability in Arid Climate Regimes. Journal of Arid Environments, 67, 607-628.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140196306000942
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.03.022
[30] Xiao, Q., McPherson, E.G., Simpson, J.R. and Ustin, S.L. (1998) Rainfall Interception by Sacramento’s Urban Forest. Journal of Arboriculture, 24, 235-244.
http://www.itreetools.org/streets/resources/rainfall_interception_by_sacramentos_uf_xiao.pdf             eww141008lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文