跳至主要内容

Above and Below Ground Interactions in Monoculture and Intercropping of Onion and Lettuce in Greenhouse Conditions

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=51094#.VFMivmfHRK0

Intercropping has been seen as an advantageous strategy in sustainable agriculture. Plants however interact with one another both above and below ground with members of the same species (intraspecific) or members of a different species (interspecific) for nutrients, water and light. It is therefore essential to understand these interactions when intercropped. The objective was to examine the above and below ground interactions between onion and lettuce in monocrop and intercrop systems. We examined the various possible interactions (no competition, above ground, below ground, or full) using a full factorial randomized design under greenhouse conditions. Onion yield was highest in intraspecific above ground competition and lowest in below ground and full interspecific competition with lettuce. Dry weight of onions in above ground competition with lettuce was significantly greater than that of the control group. Fresh weight of lettuce leaves were highest in below ground and full interspecific competition treatments. The hectare model and yield results suggest that there is strong below ground competitive effect between onion and lettuce in intercrop. Asymetric interspecific facilitation was found: facilitation by onion led to increased lettuce yield but a negative effect of lettuce on onion yield was observed. Knowledge of competitive interactions between component crops can have several applications in sustainable agricultural as it helps to match the most efficient species under specific conditions.
Cite this paper
Haan, J. and Vasseur, L. (2014) Above and Below Ground Interactions in Monoculture and Intercropping of Onion and Lettuce in Greenhouse Conditions. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 5, 3319-3327. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2014.521347. 
 

[1] Mariotti, M., Masoni, A., Ercoli, L. and Arduini, I. (2009) Above and below Ground Competition between Barley, Wheat, Lupin and Vetch in a Cereal and Legume Intercropping System. Grass and Forage Science, 64, 401-412.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2009.00705.x
[2] Lithourgidis, A.S., Dordas, C.A., Damalas, C.A. and Vlachostergios, D.N. (2011) Annual Intercrops: An Alternative Pathway for Sustainable Agriculture. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5, 396-410.
[3] Park, S.E., Benjamin, L.R. and Watkinson, A.R. (2002) Comparing Biological Productivity in Cropping Systems: A Competition Approach. Journal of Applied Ecology, 39, 416-426.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00732.x
[4] Morsy, S.M., Drgham, E.A. and Mohamed, G.M. (2009) Effect of Garlic and Onion Extracts or Their Intercropping on Suppressing Damping-Off and Powdery Mildew Diseases and Growth Characteristics of Cucumber. Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology, 37, 35-46.
[5] Tilman, D. (1988) Plant Strategies and the Dynamics and Structure of Plant Communities. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
[6] Jose, S., Williams, R. and Zamora, D. (2006) Below Ground Ecological Interactions in Mixed-Species Forest Plantations. Forest Ecology and Management, 233, 231-239.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.014
[7] Baumann, D.T., Bastiaans, L. and Kropff, M.J. (2001) Competition and Crop Performance in a Leek-Celery Intercropping System. Crop Science, 41, 764-774.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2001.413764x
[8] Andersen, M.K., Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., Ambus, P. and Jensen, E.S. (2004) Biomass Production, Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation and Inorganic N Use in Dual and Tri-Component Annual Intercrops. Plant and Soil, 266, 273-287.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-0997-1
[9] Andersen, M.K., Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., Weiner, J. and Jensen, E.S. (2007) Competitive Dynamics in Two- and Three-Component Intercrops. Journal of Applied Ecology, 44, 545-551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01289.x
[10] Jaime, M., Roberts, L. and McDonald, M.R. (2013) Growing Onion Transplants in Plug Trays. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food.
http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/01-019.htm
[11] Armas, C., Ordiales, R. and Pugnaire, F.I. (2004) Measuring Plant Interactions: A New Comparative Index. Ecology, 85, 2682-2686.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/03-0650
[12] Qasem, J.R. (2006) Response of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Plants to Fertilizers, Weed Competition Duration, and Planting Times in the Central Jordan Valley. Weed Biology and Management, 6, 212-220.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-6664.2006.00216.x
[13] Baumann, D.T., Bastiaans, L., Goudriaan, J., van Laar, H.H. and Kropfl, M.J. (2002) Analysing Crop Yield and Plant Quality in an Intercropping System Using an Eco-Physiological Model for Interplant Competition. Agricultural Systems, 73, 173-203.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00084-1
[14] Guvenc, I. and Yildirim, E. (2006) Increased Productivity with Intercropping Systems in Cabbage Production. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 28, 29-44.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J064v28n04_04
[15] Li, L., Sun, J., Zhang, F., Guo, T., Bao, X., Smith, A.F. and Smith, S.E. (2006) Root Distribution and Interactions between Intercropped Species. Oecologia, 147, 280-290.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0256-4
[16] Narla, R.D., Muthomi, J.W., Gachu, S.M., Nderitu, J.H. and Olubayo, F.M. (2011) Effects of Intercropping Bulb Onion and Vegetables on Purple Blotch and Downy Mildew. Journal of Biological Sciences, 11, 52-27.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2011.52.57
[17] Peach, L., Benjamin, L.R. and Mead, A. (2000) Effects on the Growth of Carrots (Daucus carota L.), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) and Onion (Allium cepa L.) of Restricting the Ability of the Plants to Intercept Resources. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51, 605-615.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/51.344.605
[18] Aerts, R., Boot, R.G.A. and van der Aart, P.J.M. (1991) The Relation between Above- and Below Ground Biomass Allocation Patterns and Competitive Ability. Oecologia, 87, 551-559.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320419
[19] Tei, F., Scaife, A. and Aikman, D.P. (1996) Growth of Lettuce, Onion, and Red Beet. 1. Growth Analysis, Light Interception, and Radiation Use Efficiency. Annals of Botany, 78, 633-643.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1996.0171
[20] Armas, C. and Pugnaire, F.I. (2011) Plant Neighbour Identity Matters to Below Ground Interactions under Controlled Conditions. PLoS One, 6, 1-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027791
[21] Kegge, W. and Pierik, R. (2009) Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds and Plant Competition. Trends in Plant Science, 15, 126-132.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2009.11.007
[22] Amin, A.A., Rahad, El-Sh.M. and El-Abagy, H.M.H. (2007) Physiological Effect of Indole-3-Butyric Acid on Growth, Yield and Chemical Constituents of Onion Plants. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3, 1554-1563.
[23] Shrestha, H. (2013) A Plant Monograph of Onion (Allium cepa).
http://acepa.net76.net/Allium%20cepa.pdf                    eww141031lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

A Comparison of Methods Used to Determine the Oleic/Linoleic Acid Ratio in Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and food crop. It is also a cheap source of protein, a good source of essential vitamins and minerals, and a component of many food products. The fatty acid composition of peanuts has become increasingly important with the realization that oleic acid content significantly affects the development of rancidity. And oil content of peanuts significantly affects flavor and shelf-life. Early generation screening of breeding lines for high oleic acid content greatly increases the efficiency of developing new peanut varieties. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of methods used to classify individual peanut seed as high oleic or not high oleic. Three hundred and seventy-four (374) seeds, spanning twenty-three (23) genotypes varying in oil composition (i.e. high oleic (H) or normal/not high oleic (NH) inclusive of all four peanut market-types (runner, Spanish, Valencia and Virginia), were individually tested ...
发表评论
阅读全文

The Influence of Heated Soil in Crop of “Tamaris” Tomato Plants on the Biological Activity of the Rhizosphere Soil

Tomato is a plant with high heat requirements and sensitive to cold weather and frost. The optimum temperature for the growth of tomato plants is between 21˚C and 27˚C during the day and between 17˚C and 21˚C at night. The soil temperature is also very important for plant growth. The optimum soil temperature for tomato cultivation should be within the range 15˚C - 18˚C. Besides, the proper development of the root system depends on the optimal temperature of the soil. A temperature below 14˚C reduces and inhibits the growth of the root system and encourages the development of fungal and bacterial diseases. In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate the effect of heated soil on the population of bacteria, fungi and nematodes inhabiting the soil of tomato cultivar “Tamaris” growing in peat and coconut substrates. The experiment was carried out in 12 treatments and in 3 replications (one slab was one replication). The soils were tested in two different types of containers: cylinders...
发表评论
阅读全文

Location Optimization of a Coal Power Plant to Balance Costs against Plant’s Emission Exposure

Fuel and its delivery cost comprise the biggest expense in coal power plant operations. Delivery of electricity from generation to consumers requires investment in power lines and transmission grids. Placing a coal power plant or multiple power plants near dense population centers can lower transmission costs. If a coalmine is nearby, transportation costs can also be reduced. However, emissions from coal plants play a key role in worsening health crises in many countries. And coal upon combustion produces CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , CO, Metallic and Particle Matter (PM10 & PM2.5). The presence of these chemical compounds in the atmosphere in close vicinity to humans, livestock, and agriculture carries detrimental health consequences. The goal of the research was to develop a methodology to minimize the public’s exposure to harmful emissions from coal power plants while maintaining minimal operational costs related to electric distribution losses and coal logistics. The objective was...
发表评论
阅读全文