Scientific Research Publishing

Dispensing includes all of the steps necessary to translate a medication order (prescription) into an individualized medication supply that is both safe and appropriate. I n recent years, progress has been made toward the development of a fully automated system for the purpose of medicine dispensing. In addition, dispensing support systems using mobile information terminals, and the like, have also been employed as measures to prevent dispensing errors. Automating the dispensing, or having it replaced by artificial intelligence (AI) will not, however, eradicate human error. Thus, measures against human error will continue to serve as an important topic. And hospitals are required to improve the efficiency of the pharmacy department. For these purposes, attention has now shifted to Supply Processing and Distribution (SPD). In this study, the authors measured for the gaze of the pharmacist and SPD, and examined the factors affecting dispensing error; moreover, they examined preven...

Suitability of the pneumatic gloves for field use will depend not just on their immediate protectiveness but also on their robustness in the face of multiple impacts. Previous studies have shown that compared to conventional boxing gloves, a pneumatic boxing glove with a bladder capable of air exchange with the external environment can substantially reduce peak impact forces delivered to a target, and provide even greater reduction in peak rate of force development. In this study, a conventional boxing glove and a prototype pneumatic glove were each fitted to a mechanical fist and dropped 253 times from a height of 3 metres on to a force plate covered by an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mat. Impact dynamics were measured and modelled. From the outset, peak impact force and peak rate of force development (loading rate) were lower for the pneumatic glove. For both gloves, these variables displayed upward drift during the drop series, but the drift was smaller for the pneumatic gl...

A hazmat suit is clothing used to protect a body from at least one kind of critical adverse factor (hazard). The suit is common for covering workers’ entire bodies and ensuring safety. In the health care setting, hazmat suits are commonly used to protect care providers from infection when they take care of patients, in order to prevent the spread of infection at an outbreak. In previous studies with nursing students and nurses, radiation hazmat suits were related to stronger negative feelings such as anxiety, fear, and a sense of being oppressed than were clothes commonly worn by people in the health professionals. Therefore, health professionals must try to reduce the examinees’ feeling of tension and anxiety. In this study, the authors focused on the color of the radiation hazmat suit as one measure to reduce residents’ tension or anxiety and aimed to determine the common conceptions of radiation hazmat suits based on color.  An anonymous self-administered questionn...

Disordered eating is a disturbed and unhealthy eating pattern that can include restrictive dieting, compulsive eating or skipping meals. It has been associated with a reduced quality of life across social, physical and psychological dimensions. Exercise attitudes and behaviors are recognized as having an important role in the aetiology and maintenance of disordered eating. Research suggests that Individuals with disordered eating may seek opportunities within the fitness environment to engage in rigid exercise programmes and seek the support of a personal trainer. Personal trainers are therefore in a prime position to identify symptoms of disordered eating. This study aimed to understand how personal trainers identify and manage disordered eating among their clients. 11 participants (9 males) registered with the UK Register of Exercise Professionals (REP) were recruited. At the time of interview all were working as personal trainers in the UK. Semi-structured interviews were under...

Conyza bonariensis is a weed annual broad-leaved species in the Asteraceae family native to South America, present in fallow in autumn and spring in Argentina. It spreads by producing high numbers of wind-dispersed seeds. It prefers undisturbed sites and is a particular problem in low-tillage systems such as orchards and plantations but also in some agricultural crops. In no-tillage fallow, control of annual weeds increases by applying residual herbicides combined with glyphosate. Many of the residual herbicides for Conyza spp. control are acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides, particularly chlorimuron-ethyl, metsulfuron-methyl and diclosulam. Mixtures of such herbicides with glyphosate may control biotypes resistant to glyphosate. Other herbicides included in this group consist of mixtures containing sulfometuron or chlorsulfuron and are less studied, so the dose for adequate control is not clear. The aim of this study was to compare control of three stages bioty...

Changes in the labile fraction of the soil organic matter pool can provide an indication of both short- and long-term changes in soil quality that are a direct response to land management practices. Assessments of soil quality often include a measure of soil organic matter, because it is critical for maintaining site productivity. In forest soils, organic matter content has been linked to soil water availability, nutrient supply, soil aggregation, and disease incidence or prevention and contributes to numerous soil functions. Forest harvest or site preparation activities that remove the surface organic horizons may cause changes in soil organic matter that affect long-term productivity. In this study, the authors evaluated the suitability of active carbon (C) as an indicator of soil biological quality in five paired forest stands (clear cut harvested 40 years prior and unharvested) growing on volcanic ash-cap soils in northern Idaho. Active C was compared with several traditio...

Endometriosis is a benign inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of estrogen dependent extra-uterine endometrial glands effecting 10% at the reproductive age of the women. It presents with a conglomerate of symptoms like turbulence of hormonal imbalances, chronic pain and infertility. However, endometriosis of the umbilical region is infrequent and when present in an umbilical hernia, it is exceptionally precocious. Umbilical endometriosis is further classified as primary if it occurs spontaneously or secondary if it results from iatrogenically-seeded endometrial implants following various surgical procedures, with the latter being more common. The pathogenesis of primary umbilical endometriosis remains unclear. Possible theories for this disorder could be the migration of endometrial cells to the umbilicus through the abdominal cavity, the lymphatic system, or through the embryonic remnants in the umbilical fold such as the urachus and the umbilical vessels, genetic p...