跳至主要内容

Associations between Hormonal and Mechanical Factors of Knee Osteoarthritis in Women

One of the leading causes of disability in the elderly is the pain associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Chronic pain from knee OA can decrease physical activity, increasing the risk for chronic disease, decreased functional independence and diminished quality of life. In spite of the increased prevalence of knee OA in women, there has been limited investigation into the factors underlying the sex disparity of knee OA. And urinary estradiol (E2) metabolites were shown to be associated with the incidence of knee OA in perimenopausal women. In this paper, the authors aimed to determine the associations between urinary estradiol (E2) metabolite concentration and medial knee loading with radiographic disease severity in middle aged women with initial stage knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Women presenting with knee pain were recruited into a cross-sectional correlation study (KOA, n = 9, age = 52 ± 4 yrs). Self-report menstrual history, the Modified Baecke Questionnaire and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subjective data were collected. A fasting blood sample (follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)), and urine catch (16α-hydroxyestrone and 2-hydroxyestrone) were collected. Gait analysis using an 8-camera motion analysis system assessed internal knee varus moment and foot progression angle. Pearson Product moments tested for associations between urinary 16α-hydroxyestrone and 2-hydroxyestrone, TNF-α, medial knee loading, and radiographic disease severity (Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) radiographic score).

Significant correlations were found within the hormonal biomarkers (r = 0.94, p < 0.001) and within the biomechanical markers (r = 0.76,p < 0.02), but not between hormonal and biomechanical variables (r = 0.39, p = 0.31). No correlations were found for radiographic disease severity or TNF-α.

In summary, the results of this study did not support the hypothesized association between urinary E2 metabolite concentration and medial knee loading for women with initial stage knee OA in the menopause transition. This finding may be due to the large variability of the E2 metabolites seen in the menopause transition, as well as, the limited structural changes of initial staged knee OA.

Article by David S. Mandeville, et al, from USA.

Full access: http://mrw.so/2pwuCb

Image by Iffie Okoronkwo, M.D., from Flickr-cc.

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文