跳至主要内容

Two Grams BID Is an Oral Dosage of Vitamin C to Reduce the Risk of Recurrence of Superficial Bladder Carcinoma

Read  full  paper  at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53879#.VNm_USzQrzE

Author(s) 
Edward Folk1, Tracy M. Downs2, Alfred Roc Ordman3

Affiliation(s)
1Beloit College Biochemistry Program, Beloit, USA.
2Department of Urology, UW-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA.
3Beloit College, Beloit, USA.

ABSTRACT
Background: Continuous exposure to millimolar (mM) Vitamin C (AA) in vitro kills cancer cells. For superficial bladder carcinoma (SBC), standard chemotherapy is instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. The recurrence rate with this therapy is 91%. But high dosage vitamins including AA reduced the recurrence to 41%. Aim: To determine the oral dosage of AA that causes the highest concentration of AA [AA] in the bladder. Method: We conducted a clinical trial of 14 people who took various dosages of AA, and analyzed the [AA] in their urine. Results: AA above 2 g twice a day was not absorbed. But that intake produced a bladder [AA] above 1 mM in all participants. Conclusion: Taking 2 g of AA BID will increase [AA] in the bladder to a level likely to kill cancer cells that cause SBC. Taking that dosage 2 consecutive days a week is likely to reduce the recurrence rate of SBC substantially.

KEYWORDS
Cancer, Vitamin C, LUTS, Superficial Bladder Carcinoma

Cite this paper
Folk, E. , Downs, T. and Ordman, A. (2015) Two Grams BID Is an Oral Dosage of Vitamin C to Reduce the Risk of Recurrence of Superficial Bladder Carcinoma. Journal of Cancer Therapy, 6, 169-176. doi: 10.4236/jct.2015.62019.

References
[1]Cameron, E. and Pauling, L. (1978) Supplemental Ascorbate in the Supportive Treatment of Cancer: Reevaluation of Prolongation of Survival Times in Terminal Human Cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 75, 4538-4542.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.75.9.4538
 
[2]Chen, Q., Levine, M., Buettner, G.R., et al. (2005) Pharmacologic Ascorbic Acid Concentrations Selectively Kill Cancer Cells: Action as a Pro-Drug to Deliver Hydrogen Peroxide to Tissues. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102, 13604-13609.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0506390102
 
[3]Cameron, E. and Campbell, A. (1974) The Orthomolecular Treatment of Cancer. II. Clinical Trial of High-Dose Ascorbic Acid Supplements in Advanced Human Cancer. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 9, 285-315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2797(74)90019-2
 
[4]Cameron, E. and Pauling, L. (1976) Supplemental Ascorbate in the Supportive Treatment of Cancer: Prolongation of Survival Times in Terminal Human Cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 73, 3685-3689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.73.10.3685
 
[5]Olney, K.E., et al. (2013) Inhibitors of Hydroperoxide Metabolism Enhance Ascorbate-Induced Cytotoxicity. Free Radical Research, 47, 154-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10715762.2012.755263
 
[6]Creagan, E.T., et al. (1979) Failure of High-Dose Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Therapy to Benefit Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Controlled Trial. The New England Journal of Medicine, 301, 687-690.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197909273011303
 
[7]Moertel, C.G., et al. (1985) High-Dose Vitamin C versus Placebo in the Treatment of Patients with Advanced Cancer That Have Had No Prior Chemotherapy. The New England Journal of Medicine, 312, 137-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198501173120301
 
[8]Padayatty, S.J., et al. (2004) Vitamin C: Intravenous Use by Complementary and Alternative Medicine Practitioners and Adverse Effects. Annals of Internal Medicine, 140, 533-537.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-7-200404060-00010
 
[9]Levine, M., et al. (1996) Vitamin C Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Volunteers: Evidence for a Recommended Dietary Allowance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93, 3704-3709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.8.3704
 
[10]Buetter, G.R., et al. (2011) Comment on “Pharmacologic Ascorbate Synergizes with Gemcitabine in Pre-Clinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer” i.e. All We Are Saying Is, Give C a Chance. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 50, 1726-1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.030
 
[11]Clinical Trials (2013) www.clinicaltrials.gov
 
[12]National Cancer Institute (2012) Cancer Statistics. http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html
 
[13]Morales, A. (1980) Treatment of Carcinoma in Situ of the Bladder with BCG. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 9, 69-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199531
 
[14]Lamm, D.L., Riggs, D.R., Shriver, J.S., van Gilder, P.F., Rach, J.F. and De Haven, J.I. (1994) Megadose Vitamins in Bladder Cancer: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Journal of Urology, 151, 21-26.
 
[15]King, G., Beins, M., Larkin, J., Summers, B. and Ordman, A.B. (1994) Rate of Excretion of Vitamin C in Human Urine. AGE, 17, 87-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02435011
 
[16]Cone, A., Danner, T. and Ordman, A.B. (1996) Urinary Excretion of Calcium in Students and Mature Women Taking Supplements. AGE, 19, 164.
 
[17]Schleicher, R.L., Carroll, M.D., Ford, E.S. and Lacher, D.A. (2009) Serum Vitamin C and the Prevalence of Vitamin C Deficiency in the United States: 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 90, 1252-1263.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.27016
 
[18]Moynihan, T. (2012) High-Dose Vitamin C: Can It Kill Cancer Cells? Mayo Clinic Health Information. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/alternative-cancer-treatment/AN01572
 
[19]Levine, M., Padayatty, S.J. and Espey, M.G. (2011) Vitamin C: A Concentration-Function Approach Yields Pharmacology and Therapeutic Discoveries. Advances in Nutrition, 2, 78-88.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/an.110.000109
 
[20]Evers, E. (2012) Treat Cancer with IV Vitamin C—Recent Clinical Success. Natural News.
http://www.naturalnews.com/034663_IV_vitamin_c_cancer_treatment.html
 
[21]Omaye, S.T., Turnbull, J.D. and Sauberlich, H.E. (1979) Selected Methods for the Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Animal Cells. Methods in Enzymology, 62, 3-11.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(79)62181-X
 
[22]Institute of Medicine (2000) Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds, Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. National Academies Press, Washington DC.
 
[23]Maserejian, N.N., Giovannucci, E.L., McVary, K.T. and McKinlay, J.B. (2011) Dietary, but Not Supplemental, Intakes of Carotenoids and Vitamin C Are Associated with Decreased Odds of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men. Journal of Nutrition, 141, 267-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.110.132514
 
[24]Naidu, K.A. (2003) Vitamin C in Human Health and Disease Is Still a Mystery? An Overview. Journal of Nutrition, 2, 7-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-2-7
 
[25]Thomas, L.D.K., Elinder, C.-G., Tiselius, H.-G., Wolk, A. and Akesson, A. (2013) Ascorbic Acid Supplements and Kidney Stone Incidence among Men: A Prospective Study. JAMA Internal Medicine, 173, 1-2.
 
[26]Newberry, S.J. (2012) What Is the Evidence That Vitamin C Supplements Lower Blood Pressure? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 95, 997-998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.037663
 
[27]Staff (2012) Vitamin C: Stress Buster. Psychology Today, 25 April 2003.
http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200304/vitamin-c-stress-buster
 
[28]Polidori, M.C., Mecocci, P. and Frei, B. (2001) Plasma Vitamin C Levels Are Decreased and Correlated with Brain Damage in Patients with Intracranial Hemorrhage or Head Trauma. Stroke, 32, 898-902.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.32.4.898
 
[29]Polidori, M.C., Praticó, D., Ingegni, T., Mariani, E., Spazzafumo, L. and Sindaco, P.D. (2005) Effects of Vitamin C and Aspirin in Ischemic Stroke-Related Lipid Peroxidation: Results of the AVASAS (Aspirin versus Ascorbic Acid plus Aspirin in Stroke) Study. BioFactors, 24, 265-274.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biof.5520240131
 
[30]Zweifler, R.M. (2003) Management of Acute Stroke. Southern Medical Journal, 96, 380-385.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.SMJ.0000063467.75456.7A                      eww150210lx

评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...