跳至主要内容

Separation of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles from Water by Sedimentation in a Gradient Magnetic Field

Read  full  paper  at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53697#.VM85jyzQrzE

ABSTRACT
Sedimentation dynamics of magnetite (γ-Fe3O4) nanopowders (10 - 20 nm) in water in the presence of a gradient magnetic field was studied by optical and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry methods. The magnetic field B ≤ 0.3 T, dB/dz ≤ 0.13 T/cm was produced by the system of permanent strip magnets. The initial sedimentation rate of the nanoparticles in water and under magnetic fields is higher for less concentrated suspensions (c0 = 0.1 g/l) than for more concentrated ones (c0 = 1 g/l). This might be connected with the formation of gel structures due to strong magnetic attraction between ferromagnetic nanoparticles. In the gravitation field, the suspensions of the particles (10 - 20 nm) remain stable for over 20 hours. The sedimentation process can be greatly accelerated by the action of a vertical gradient magnetic field, reducing the sedimentation time down to several minutes. In a gradient magnetic field enhanced by a steel grid, sedimentation of the nanopowder (c0 = 0.1 g/l) for 180 minutes resulted in reduction of the iron concentration in water down to 0.4 mg/l. In flowing water regime, the residual iron concentration in water 0.3 mg/l is reached after 80 minutes.
 
Cite this paper
Medvedeva, I. , Bakhteeva, I. , Zhakov, S. , Revvo, A. , Uimin, M. , Yermakov, A. , Byzov, I. , Mysik, A. and Shchegoleva, N. (2015) Separation of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles from Water by Sedimentation in a Gradient Magnetic Field. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 7, 111-118. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2015.72009.
 
References
[1]Tang, S.C.N. and Lo, I.M.C. (2013) Magnetic Nanoparticles: Essential Factors for Sustainable Environmental Applications. Water Research, 47, 2613-2632.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.039
 
[2]Woo, K., Hong, J., Choi, S., Lee, H.-W., Ahn, J.-P., Kim, C.S. and Lee, S.W. (2004) Easy Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Chemical Materials, 16, 2814-2818.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm049552x
 
[3]Song, Y., Wang, R., Rong, R., Ding, J., Liu, J., Li, R., Liu, Z., Li, H., Wang, X., Zhang, J. and Fang, J. (2011) Synthesis of Well-Dispersed Aqueous-Phase Magnetite Nanoparticles and Their Metabolism as an MRI Contrast Agent for the Reticuloendothelial System. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 22, 3303-3313.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201100017
 
[4]Ullrich, A. and Horn, S. (2013) Structural Investigations on Differently Sized Monodisperse Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Remineralization of Apoferritin Molecules. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 15, 1821.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-013-1821-0
 
[5]Savage, N. and Diallo, M.S. (2005) Nanomaterials and Water Purification: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 7, 331-342.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-005-7523-5
 
[6]Tiwari, D.K., Behari, J. and Sen, P. (2008) Application of Nanoparticles in Waste Water Treatment. World Applied Science Journal, 3, 417-433.
 
[7]Mandel, K. and Hutter, F. (2012) The Magnetic Nanoparticle Separation Problem. Nano Today, 7, 485-487.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2012.05.001
 
[8]Medvedeva, I., Uimin, M., Yermakov, A., Mysik, A., Byzov, I., Nabokova, T., Gaviko, V., Shchegoleva, N., Zhakov, S., Tsurin, V., Linnikov, O., Rodina, I., Platonov, V. and Osipov, V. (2012) Sedimentation of Fe3O4 Nanosized Magnetic Particles in Water Solution Enhanced in a Gradient Magnetic Field. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 14, 1-11.
 
[9]Medvedeva, I., Bakhteeva, Ju., Zhakov, S., Revvo, A., Bysov, I., Uimin, M., Yermakov, A. and Mysik, A. (2013) Sedimentation and Aggregation of Magnetite Nanoparticles in Water by a Gradient Magnetic Field. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 15, 2054.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-013-2054-y
 
[10]Phenrat, T., Saleh, N., Sirk, K., Tilton, R.D. and Lowry, G.V. (2007) Aggregation and Sedimentation of Aqueous Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Dispersions. Environmental Science Technology, 41, 284-290.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es061349a
 
[11]Goya, G.F., Bergio, T.S., Fonseca, F.C. and Morales, M.P. (2003) Static and Dynamic Magnetic Properties of Spherical Magnetite Nanoparticles. Journal of Applied Physics, 94, 3520-3528.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1599959
 
[12]Yavuz, C.T., Mayo, J.T., Yu, W.W., Prakash, A., Falkner, J.C., Yean, S., Cong, L., Shipley, H.J., Kan, A., Tomson, M., Natelson, D. and Colvin, V. (2006) Low-Field Magnetic Separation of Monodisperse Fe3O4 Nanocrystals. Science, 314, 964-967.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1131475
 
[13]Kortov, V.S., Ermakov, A.E., Zatsepin, A.F., Uimin, M.A., Nikiforov, S.V., Mysik, A.A. and Gaviko, V.S. (2008) Specific Features of Luminescence Properties of Nanostructured Aluminum Oxide. Physics of the Solid State, 50, 957-961.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1063783408050259
 
[14]Mitreiter, I., Oswald, S.E. and Stallmach, F. (2010) Investigation of Iron(III)-Release in the Pore Water of Natural Sands by NMR Relaxometry. The Open Magnetic Resonance Journal, 3, 46-51.
 
[15]Furst, E.M. and Gast, A.P. (2000) Dynamics and Lateral Interactions of Dipolar Chains. Physical Review E, 62, 6916-6925.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.62.6916
 
[16]Martínez-Pedrero, F., El-Harrak, A., Fernández-Toledano, J.C., Tirado-Miranda, M., Baudry, J., Schmitt, A., Bibette, J. and Callejas-Fernández, J. (2008) Kinetic Study of Coupled Field-Induced Aggregation and Sedimentation Processes Arising in Magnetic Fluids. Physical Review E, 78, Article ID: 011403.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.78.011403
 
[17]Eberbeck, D., Wiekhorst, F., Steinhoff, U. and Trahms, L. (2006) Aggregation Behaviour of Magnetic Nanoparticle Suspensions Investigated by Magnetorelaxometry. Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 18, S2829-S2846.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/18/38/S20
 
[18]Gómez-Lopera, S., Arias, J., Gallardo, V. and Delgado, A. (2006) Stability of Magnetite/Poly(Lactic Acid) Core/Shell Nanoparticles. Langmuir, 22, 2816-2821.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la0530079
 
[19]Berret, J-F., Sandre, O. and Mauger, A. (2007) Size Distribution of Superparamagnetic Particles Determined by Magnetic Sedimentation. Langmuir, 23, 2993-2999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la061958w
 
[20]Hygienic Standards for Drinking Water in Russian Federation 2.1.4.1116-02.                 eww150202lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文