跳至主要内容

Nucleation Reduction Strategy of (Brushite) CHP Crystals in SMS Media and Its Characterization Studies

Read  full  paper  at:http://file.scirp.org/Html/20513.html

ABSTRACT
Kidney stone consist of various organic, inorganic and semi organic compounds. Mineral oxalate monohydrate and di-hydrate is the main inorganic constituent of kidney stones. However, the mechanisms for the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stone are not clearly understood. In this field of study there are several hypothesis including nucleation, crystal growth and or aggregation of formation of COMH, AOMH (Ammonium oxalate monohydrate), CODH, and AODH (Ammonium oxalate di-hydrate) crystals. The author has reported the effect of some urinary species such as ammonium oxalates, calcium, citrate, proteins and trace mineral. The kidney stone constituents are grown in the kidney environments, the silica gel medium (SMS) provides the necessary growth simulation (in-vivo). In the artificial urinary stone preparation (growth) or crystal growth, growth parameter identification with in the different chemical environments is carried out. In the present study, CHP (calcium hydrogen phosphate) crystals are grown in three different growth faces to attain the total nucleation reductions. As an extension of this research, many characterization studies have been carried out, and the results are compared and reported.
 
Cite this paper
G. Kanchana, P. Sundaramoorthi, R. Santhi, S. Kalainathan and G. Jeyanthi, "Nucleation Reduction Strategy of (Brushite) CHP Crystals in SMS Media and Its Characterization Studies," Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, Vol. 7 No. 1, 2008, pp. 49-57.
 
References
[1]S.R.Khan,P.O.Whalen, and P.A.Glenton,J.Cryst.Growth 134,211(1993).
 
[2]W.H.Boyce,Am.J.Med. 45 (5), 673 (1968).
 
[3]H.G.Tiselius,Clin.Chim.Acta.122, 409 (1982).
 
[4]R.W.Marshall and W.G.Robertson,Clin.Chim.Acta.72, 253 (1976).
 
[5]S.R.Khan,Urol.Int 59, 59 (1997).
 
[6]R.L.Ryall,A.M.F.Stapleton,in calcium oxalate in Biological system,Eds.S.R.Khan (CRC press) (1995).
 
[7]C.G.Duarte and F.G.Knox, in text book of renal pathophysiology, (Harper and Row ,(1978).
 
[8]F.L.Coe,J.H.Parks, and J.R.Asplin,N.Engl.J.Med.327,1141(1992)
 
[9]Maurice Audran and Erick Legrand,Joint Bone spine 67 (6),509 (2000).
 
[10]Y.Ogawa,T.miyazato, and T.Hataano,World j.Surgery 24 (10),1154 (2000).
 
[11]D.S.Goldfarb and F.L.Coe, Am.Fam.Physicican.60 (8) 2269 (2000).
 
[12]D.P.Simpson,Am.J.Physiol.224(3), F223 (1983).
 
[13]J.L.Mayer andL.Hsmith,Invest.Urol 13, 36 (1975).
 
[14]M.J.Nicar,K.Hill and C.Y.C.pack,J.Bone ,Miner.Res.2 (3), 215 (1987)
 
[15]D.J.Kok,S.E.Papapoulus,and O.L.M.Bijvoet,Lancet41,1056 (1986).
 
[16]C.Y.C. Pakand Paterson, Arch.Intern.Med.146, 863 (1986).
 
[17]B.Hess,Miner.Electr.Metab 20,393 (1996)
 
[18]C.Y.C.Pak,Hypocitraturia; a critical review and furture direction,from 8 th European symposium on Urolithiasis-Parma,Italy,June 9-12 (1999).
 
[19]A.Mersmann,Crystallization technology,Hand book,2nd Edi. Marcel Dekker,Inc.(2000).
 
[20]V.A.Garten and R.B.Head,Phil.Mag.14, 1243 (1966).
 
[21]D.J.Kok,The role of crystallization process in mineral oxlates urolithasis, Ph.D thesis,Univerasity of Leiden (1991).
 
[22]Henisch, H.K. etal,J Electro Chemical. Soc.,112 (1965) 627.
 
[23]A.E.Alexander, and P.Honson, Colloid Science ,Clarendon Press, Oxford,(1949).
 
[24]W.Eitel, In:Physical chemistry of Silicate University of Chicago Press,(1954).
 
[25]Yean. Chin etal ’Application of IR Spectroscopy to analysis of uninary calculi J. Urol. Vol 86, (1961) 838-854.
 
[26]C.M. Corns ”Infrared analysis of real Calculi – a comparison with conventional Techniques”Ann. Clin. Bio-Cherm, Vol 20, (1983) 20-35.
 
[27]A.Hesse , D. Bach,. Stone analysis by IR spectroscopy, Clinical and laboratory Aspects, Edi.Alan Rose, University Park Press, Baltimore, (1982), 87-105.
 
[28]J.J.Gilman, J.,Johnsion and G.W.Sears , J.Appl.Physics., 29,(1958) 749.
 
[29]J.J. Gilman., etal, , J.Appl.Physics, 27,(1956)1018.
 
[30]J.C.Fisher, in: Dissolutions and Mechanical Properties of Crystals, John Wiley and sons, NewYork (1957).
 
[31]J.B. New Kirk., In:Director observation of Imperfection in crystals, Interscience Publisers, New York (1962).
 
[32]K. Taukamot, J. Cryst. Growth, 61, (1983) 99.
 
[33]H.C.Gates, Thirty years of progress in Surface Science, in: Crystal growth and characterization,(Edi),North Holland (1975).
 
[34]H.Bethage etal, Electron Microscopy in Solid State Physics, Elsever, Amsterdom (1987)
 
[35]N. Albon etal, in: Growth and Perfection of Crystals, Wiley, New York, P.44 (1958).
 
[36]P.Sundaramoorthi, S.Kalainathan, Asian journal of chemistry,19-4, (2007).
 
[37]B.D.Hess and D.J.kok, Nucleation, Growth and aggregation of stone- Forming crystals, In Kidney stones: Medical and surgical management eds.F.L.Coe et al (Lippincott-Raen.publishers), (1996).
 
[38]L.Addadi,A.Berman,J.Moradian-Oldk,and S.Weiner,Connect Tiss.Res.21,127-135 (1989).
 
[39]S.Deganello, Calcif.Tiss.Int.48, 421 (1991).
 
[40]S.R.khan, Urol.Int.59, 59 (1997).              eww150204lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文