Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Candidate Plant Growth-Related and Time-Keeping Constitutive Cell Surface Hydroquinone (NADH) Oxidase (ENOX1) from Arabidopsis lyrata
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ABSTRACT
ENOX
(ECTO-NOX) proteins are proteins of the external surface of the plasma
membrane that catalyze oxidation of both NADH and hydroquinones as well
as carry out protein disulfidethiol interchange. They exhibit both
prion-like and time-keeping (clock) properties. The oxidative and
interchange activities alternate to generate a regular period of 24 min
in length. Here we report the cloning, expression, and characterization
of a plant candidate constitutive ENOX (CNOX or ENOX1) protein from Arabidopsis lyrata.
The gene encoding the 335 (165) amino acid protein is found in
accession XP-002882467. Functional motifs characteristics of ENOX
proteins previously identified by site-directed mutagenesis and present
in the candidate ENOX1 protein from plants include adenine nucleotide
and copper binding motifs along with essential cysteines. However, the
drug binding motif (EEMTE) sequence of human ENOX2 is absent. The
activities of the recombinant protein expressed in E. coli were
unaffected by capsaicin, EGCg, and other ENOX2-inhibiting substances.
Periodic oxidative activity was exhibited both with NAD(P)H and reduced
coenzyme Q as substrate. Bound copper was necessary for activity and
activity was inhibited by the ENOX1-specific inhibitor simalikalactone
D. Addition of melatonin phased the 24-min period such that the next
complete period began 24 min after the melatonin addition as appeared to
be characteristic of ENOX1 activities in general. Periodic protein
disulfide-thiol interchange activity also was demonstrated along with
the 2 oxidative plus 3 interchange activity pattern characteristics of
the 24-min ENOX1 protein period. Concentrated solutions of the purified
plant ENOX1 protein formed insoluble aggregates, devoid of enzymatic
activity, resembling amyloid. Activity was restored to aggregate
preparations by isoelectric focusing.
KEYWORDS
ENOX1, ECTO-NOX Proteins, Plant Growth, Hydroquinone (NADH) Oxidation, Plasma Membrane Electron Transport, Arabadopsis lyrata
Cite this paper
References
Tang,
X. , Ades, L. , Morré, D. and Morré, D. (2015) Molecular Cloning and
Characterization of a Candidate Plant Growth-Related and Time-Keeping
Constitutive Cell Surface Hydroquinone (NADH) Oxidase (ENOX1) from Arabidopsis lyrata. Advances in Biological Chemistry, 5, 1-15. doi: 10.4236/abc.2015.51001.
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