跳至主要内容

Development and Evaluation of a Groundnut In-Shell Grader

Read  full  paper  at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=54124#.VO2K3SzQrzE

ABSTRACT
Groundnuts marketed from farms are generally referred to as groundnuts in-shell. When freshly harvested, they may contain some dirt, vines and other foreign materials. Grades of these stocks are established based on intended use. Groundnut producers and commercial buyers use the grade as guidelines for trading. Grading aims at raising the quality and value of the product. Grading is generally limited to measurement of physical properties, such as, size distributions of the pods and percentage by weight of shelled kernels in the undecorticated groundnuts and percentage by weight of foreign materials. A groundnut grader was designed and developed. It was designed to sort three selected groundnut varieties commonly cultivated in Nigeria into three grades based on the geometric dimensions of the selected varieties. These varieties are SAMNUT 10, 14 and 18.Analyses of grading trials indicate that while SAMNUT 10 exhibits the three grades, the other varieties (SAMNUT 14 and 18) can only be graded into two grades. The grader has a rated capacity of grading 224 th-1 of undercorticated pods. The maximum ranges within each grade when all the varieties were considered were: grade I—15.81 mm to 18.05 mm, grade II—12.44 mm to 15.78 mm and grade III—10.60 mm to 13.30 mm.
 
Cite this paper
Fashina, A. , Saleh, A. and Akande, F. (2015) Development and Evaluation of a Groundnut In-Shell Grader. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 217-223. doi: 10.4236/as.2015.62021.
 
References
[1]Ntare, B.R., Diallo, A.T., Ndjeunga, J. and Waliyar, F. (2008) Groundnut Seed production Manual.International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancher, 20p.
 
[2]Whitaker, T.B., Dorner, J.W., Lamb, M., and Slate, A.B. (2005)The Effect of SortingFarmers’ Stock Peanuts by Size and Color on Partitioning Aflatoxin into VariousShelled Peanut Grade Sizes.Peanut Science,32, 103-118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/0095-3679(2005)32[103:TEOSFS]2.0.CO;2
 
[3]Chapin, J.W. and Thomas, J.S. (2004)Peanut Money-Maker Production Guide—2004.Clemson Extension and South Carolina Peanut Board, Blackville.
 
[4]Mohsenin, N.N. (1986) Physical Properties of Plant and Animal Materials, Seconded. Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers Inc., New York, 58-76.
 
[5]Oje, K. (1993) Some Engineering Properties of ThevetiaNut.Journal of Agricultural Engineeringand Technology,1, 38-45.
 
[6]Olaniyan, M.A. and Oje, K. (1999) Viscoelastic Behaviour of Shea Nuts under Application of Force. 21st Annual Conference of the Nigerian Institution of Agricultural Engineering (NIAE), Bauchi,Nigeria.
 
[7]Firouzi, S.M., Vishgaei, N.S. and Kariami, B. (2009) Some Physical Properties of Groundnut (AracishypogaeaL.) as a Function of Moisture Content.American-Eurasian JournalAgriculture and Environmental Science,6, 675-679.
 
[8]Galedar, M.N., Jafari, A.andTabatabaeefa,A. (2008)Some Physical Properties of Wild Pistachio Nut Andkernelas a Function of Moisture Content. Journal of Physics and Environmentaland Agricultural Sciences, 22, 117-124.
 
[9]Sykes, A.O. (2009)An Introduction to Regression Analysis.The Inaugural Coase Lecture, Professor of Law, The Law School, University of Chicago,Chicago.                                                     eww150225lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

A Comparison of Methods Used to Determine the Oleic/Linoleic Acid Ratio in Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and food crop. It is also a cheap source of protein, a good source of essential vitamins and minerals, and a component of many food products. The fatty acid composition of peanuts has become increasingly important with the realization that oleic acid content significantly affects the development of rancidity. And oil content of peanuts significantly affects flavor and shelf-life. Early generation screening of breeding lines for high oleic acid content greatly increases the efficiency of developing new peanut varieties. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of methods used to classify individual peanut seed as high oleic or not high oleic. Three hundred and seventy-four (374) seeds, spanning twenty-three (23) genotypes varying in oil composition (i.e. high oleic (H) or normal/not high oleic (NH) inclusive of all four peanut market-types (runner, Spanish, Valencia and Virginia), were individually tested ...
发表评论
阅读全文

Location Optimization of a Coal Power Plant to Balance Costs against Plant’s Emission Exposure

Fuel and its delivery cost comprise the biggest expense in coal power plant operations. Delivery of electricity from generation to consumers requires investment in power lines and transmission grids. Placing a coal power plant or multiple power plants near dense population centers can lower transmission costs. If a coalmine is nearby, transportation costs can also be reduced. However, emissions from coal plants play a key role in worsening health crises in many countries. And coal upon combustion produces CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , CO, Metallic and Particle Matter (PM10 & PM2.5). The presence of these chemical compounds in the atmosphere in close vicinity to humans, livestock, and agriculture carries detrimental health consequences. The goal of the research was to develop a methodology to minimize the public’s exposure to harmful emissions from coal power plants while maintaining minimal operational costs related to electric distribution losses and coal logistics. The objective was...
发表评论
阅读全文

Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Continuous Use of a Home-Use High-Frequency Facial Treatment Appliance

At present, many home-use beauty devices are available in the market. In particular, many products developed for facial treatment use light, e.g., a flash lamp or a light-emitting diode (LED). In this study, the safety of 4 weeks’ continuous use of NEWA TM , a high-frequency facial treatment appliance, every alternate day at home was verified, and its efficacy was evaluated in Japanese individuals with healthy skin aged 30 years or older who complained of sagging of the facial skin.  Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin levels, erythema levels, sebum secretion levels, skin color changes and wrinkle improvement in the facial skin were measured before the appliance began to be used (study baseline), at 2 and 4 weeks after it had begun to be used, and at 2 weeks after completion of the 4-week treatment period (6 weeks from the study baseline). In addition, data obtained by subjective evaluation by the subjects themselves on a visual analog scale (VAS) were also analyzed. Fur...
发表评论
阅读全文