跳至主要内容

An Investigation of the Secular Acceleration of Psychiatric Disorders

Read  full  paper  at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53673#.VM8uVSzQrzE

Author(s)  
 
ABSTRACT
Secular acceleration, for example an increase in height in groups of people over a period of time of more than a century, is a unique, perhaps “ecological” event. In the study presented here, historical patient files from the Jena Psychiatric Clinic were evaluated in relation to the problem of acceleration. A first sampling of 119 patient files for the years 1880-1890 revealed that, for children and adolescents up until the end of their twentieth year of life, the average age at the time of their first admission was 17 years. Compared to this, the first admission of a second sample of 132 patient records for the years 1985-1987 revealed a clearly younger average age at first admission of 11 years. This difference in age was found to be statistically significant. The heights of 14-year-old subjects from the city of Jena for the years 1880 to 1975 obtained from the literature showed a documented increase in height of almost 20 cm. The results of our investigation revealed that, in addition to physical acceleration, there was also an advancement of pathological mental processes in the course of a period of 100 years.
 
Cite this paper
Lemke, S. and Vries, S. (2015) An Investigation of the Secular Acceleration of Psychiatric Disorders. Open Journal of Psychiatry, 5, 121-127. doi: 10.4236/ojpsych.2015.51013.
 
References
[1]de Rudder, B. (1960) Zur Frage nach der Akzelerationsursache. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 85, 1193-1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1112561
 
[2]Bennholdt-Thomsen, C. (1942) Die Entwicklungsbeschleunigung der Jugend. Ergebnisse der Inneren Medizin, 62, 1153-1237.
 
[3]Bober, H. and Scholz, E. (1944) Das Reifungsgeschehen bei Jugendlichen. Zeitschrift für Rassenkunde und die Gesamte Forschung am Menschen, 14, 113-140.
 
[4]Bogin, B. and McVean, R.B. (1983) The Relationship of Socioeconomic Status and Sex to Body Size, Skeletal Maturation and Cognitive Status of Guatemala City Schoolchildren. Child Development, 54, 115-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1129868
 
[5]Stone, C.P. and Barker, R.G. (1937) Aspects of Personality and Intelligence in Post Menarcheal and Premenarcheal Girls of the Same Chronological Ages. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 23, 439-455.
 
[6]Abernethy, E.M. (1936) Relationships between Mental and Physical Growth. Monographies of Social Researches of Child Development, 1, 44-80.
 
[7]Honzik, M.P. and Jones, H.E. (1937) Mental-Physical Relationships during the Preschool Period. Journal of Experimental Education, 6, 139-146.
 
[8]Strickmann, R. (1957) Untersuchungen zur Frage der Beziehung von somatischer und psychischer Entwicklung. Ein Beitrag zum Accelerationsproblem, (Abhandlungen zur Philosophie, Psychologie und Padagogik 12). Bouvier, Bonn, 21-103.
 
[9]Bennholdt-Thomsen, C. (1940) Krankheitsdisposition und Entwicklungsbeschleunigung der heutigen Jugend (Untersuchungen über Chorea minor). Klinische Wochenschriften, 19, 1337-1338.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01764305
 
[10]Overal, J.E. and Gorham, D.R. (1962) The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychological Report, 10, 799-812. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1962.10.3.799
 
[11]Ryan, N.D., Puig-Antich, J., Ambrosini, P., Rabinovich, H., Robinson, D., Nelson, B., Iyengar, S. and Twomey, J. (1987) The Clinical Picture of Major Depression in Children and Adolescents. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 854-861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800220016003
 
[12]Jaeger, U. (1980) Biologischer Alterswandel bei Jenaer Schulkindern. P?dagogische Grenzgebiete, 19, 401-413.
 
[13]Ziehen, Th. (1904) Die Geisteskrankheiten des Kindesalters (2). Reuther und Reichard, Berlin.
 
[14]Ziehen, Th. (1906) Die Geisteskrankheiten des Kindesalters (3). Reuther und Reichard, Berlin.
 
[15]Geisler, E. and Schr?der, J. (1958) Das nerv?se Kind. Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift, 27, 1038-1041.
 
[16]Poznanski, E., Zrull, J.P. and Arbor, A. (1970) Childhood Depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 23, 8-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1970.01750010010004
 
[17]Eggers, Ch. (1973) Verlaufsweisen kindlicher und pr?puberaler Schizophrenien. Monographie: Grenzgebiete der Psychiatrie. Springer, Berlin. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13371-2
 
[18]Kappes, C.V. (1981) Erweiterter Suizidversuch im frühen Kindesalter. Zeitschrift für Kinder-und Jugendpsychiatrie, 9, 36-43.
 
[19]Schreier, H.A. (1986) Acute Phobic Halluzinations in Very Young Children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 25, 574-578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-7138(10)60020-9
 
[20]Nicolson, R., Lenane, M., Brookner, F., Gochman, P., Kumra, S., Sprechler, L., Giedd, J.N., Thaker, G.K., Wudarsky, M. and Rapoport, J.L. (2001) Children and Adolescents with Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified: A 2- to 8-Year Follow-Up Study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 42, 319-325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/comp.2001.24573                                                                                                    eww150202lx

评论

此博客中的热门博文

A Comparison of Methods Used to Determine the Oleic/Linoleic Acid Ratio in Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and food crop. It is also a cheap source of protein, a good source of essential vitamins and minerals, and a component of many food products. The fatty acid composition of peanuts has become increasingly important with the realization that oleic acid content significantly affects the development of rancidity. And oil content of peanuts significantly affects flavor and shelf-life. Early generation screening of breeding lines for high oleic acid content greatly increases the efficiency of developing new peanut varieties. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of methods used to classify individual peanut seed as high oleic or not high oleic. Three hundred and seventy-four (374) seeds, spanning twenty-three (23) genotypes varying in oil composition (i.e. high oleic (H) or normal/not high oleic (NH) inclusive of all four peanut market-types (runner, Spanish, Valencia and Virginia), were individually tested ...

Location Optimization of a Coal Power Plant to Balance Costs against Plant’s Emission Exposure

Fuel and its delivery cost comprise the biggest expense in coal power plant operations. Delivery of electricity from generation to consumers requires investment in power lines and transmission grids. Placing a coal power plant or multiple power plants near dense population centers can lower transmission costs. If a coalmine is nearby, transportation costs can also be reduced. However, emissions from coal plants play a key role in worsening health crises in many countries. And coal upon combustion produces CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , CO, Metallic and Particle Matter (PM10 & PM2.5). The presence of these chemical compounds in the atmosphere in close vicinity to humans, livestock, and agriculture carries detrimental health consequences. The goal of the research was to develop a methodology to minimize the public’s exposure to harmful emissions from coal power plants while maintaining minimal operational costs related to electric distribution losses and coal logistics. The objective was...

Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Continuous Use of a Home-Use High-Frequency Facial Treatment Appliance

At present, many home-use beauty devices are available in the market. In particular, many products developed for facial treatment use light, e.g., a flash lamp or a light-emitting diode (LED). In this study, the safety of 4 weeks’ continuous use of NEWA TM , a high-frequency facial treatment appliance, every alternate day at home was verified, and its efficacy was evaluated in Japanese individuals with healthy skin aged 30 years or older who complained of sagging of the facial skin.  Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin levels, erythema levels, sebum secretion levels, skin color changes and wrinkle improvement in the facial skin were measured before the appliance began to be used (study baseline), at 2 and 4 weeks after it had begun to be used, and at 2 weeks after completion of the 4-week treatment period (6 weeks from the study baseline). In addition, data obtained by subjective evaluation by the subjects themselves on a visual analog scale (VAS) were also analyzed. Fur...