跳至主要内容

PPP Accuracy Enhancement Using GPS/GLONASS Observations in Kinematic Mode

Read  full  paper  at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53426#.VMG_1CzQrzE

ABSTRACT
Commonly, kinematic PPP techniques employ un-differenced ionosphere-free linear combination of GPS observations. This, however, may not provide continuous solution in urban areas as a result of limited satellite visibility. In this paper, the traditional un-differenced as well as between-satellite single-difference (BSSD) ionosphere-free linear combinations of GPS and GLONASS measurements are developed. Except GLONASS satellite clock products, the final precise GPS and GLONASS satellites clock and orbital products obtained from the multi-GNSS experiment (MGEX) are used. The effects of ocean loading, earth tide, carrier-phase windup, sagnac, relativity, and satellite and receiver antenna phase-center variations are rigorously modeled. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is developed to process the combined GPS/GLONASS measurements. A comparison is made between three kinematic PPP solutions, namely standalone GPS, standalone GLONASS, and combined GPS/ GLONASS solutions. In general, the results indicate that the addition of GLONASS observations improves the kinematic positioning accuracy in comparison with the standalone GPS PPP positioning accuracy. In addition, BSSD solution is found to be superior to that of the traditional un-diffe- renced model.
 
Cite this paper
Rabbou, M. and El-Rabbany, A. (2015) PPP Accuracy Enhancement Using GPS/GLONASS Observations in Kinematic Mode. Positioning, 6, 1-6. doi: 10.4236/pos.2015.61001.
 
References
[1]Gibbons, G. (2008) Russia Approves CDMA Signals for GLONASS, Discussing Common Signal Design. Inside GNSS.
 
[2]Cai, C. and Gao, Y. (2007) Precise Point Positioning Using Combined GPS and GLONASS Observations. Positioning, 1, 0.
 
[3]Choy, S., Zhang, S., Lahaye, F. and Héroux, P. (2013) A Comparison between GPS-Only and Combined GPS + GLONASS Precise Point Positioning. Journal of Spatial Science, 58, 169-190.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14498596.2013.808164
 
[4]Weber, R. (2012) The IGS Multi-Signals Tracking Campaign MGEX-Planning, Status, Perspectives. In IGS Workshop 2012, 23-27.
 
[5]Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger, H. and Wasle, E. (2008) GNSS Global Navigation Satellite Systems; GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO & More. Springer, Vienna.
 
[6]Jekeli, C. (2001) Inertial Navigation Systems with Geodetic Applications. Walter de Gruyter.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110800234
 
[7]Leandro, R., Santos, M.C. and Langley, R.B. (2006) UNB Neutral Atmosphere Models: Development and Performance. In ION NTM, 18-20.
 
[8]Kouba, J. (2009) A Guide to Using International GNSS Service (IGS) Products. International GNSS.
 
[9]Elsobeiey, M. and El-Rabbany, A. (2014) Efficient Between-Satellite Single-Difference Precise Point Positioning Model. Journal of Surveying Engineering, 140, Article ID: 04014007.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000125
 
[10]Abd Rabbou, M. and El-Rabbany, A. (2014) Tightly Coupled Integration of GPS Precise Point Positioning and MEMS-Based Inertial Systems. GPS Solution. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-014-0415-3    eww150123lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文