跳至主要内容

Modeling Returns and Unconditional Variance in Risk Neutral World for Liquid and Illiquid Market

Read  full  paper  at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53602#.VMnrISzQrzE

Author(s)  

ABSTRACT
This article seeks to model daily asset returns using log-ARCH-Lévy type model which is expected to reproduce most of the stylized features of financial time series data (such as volatility clustering, leptokurtic nature of log returns, joint covariance structure and aggregational Gaussianity) that are empirically found in different types of market. In addition, unconditional variance of daily log returns in risk neutral world of different conditional heteroscedastic models is derived. A key observation is that liquid markets and illiquid market may not have the same underlying dynamics. For instance empirical analysis based on S&P500 index log returns as a liquid market do not have autoregressive part in their first moments while in Nairobi Securities Exchange NSE20 index there is strong presence of autoregressive dynamics of order three, i.e. AR(3). Higher moments of both markets are serially correlated.
 
Cite this paper
Mwaniki, I. (2015) Modeling Returns and Unconditional Variance in Risk Neutral World for Liquid and Illiquid Market. Journal of Mathematical Finance, 5, 15-25. doi: 10.4236/jmf.2015.51002.
 
References
[1]Mandelbrot, B. (1963) The Variation of Certain Speculative Prices. International Statistical Review, 36, 394-419.
 
[2]Clark, P. (1973) A Surbodinated Stochastic Process Model with Finite Variance for Speculative Prices. Econometrica, 41, 135-155.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1913889
 
[3]Madan, D. and Seneta, E. (1990) The Variance Gamma (V.G.) Model for Share Markets. Journal of Business, 63, 511-524.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/296519
 
[4]Eberlein, E. and Keller, U. (1995) Hyperbolic Distributions in Finance. Bernolli, 1, 281-299.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3318481
 
[5]Berndorff-Nielson, O. (1998) Process of Normal Inverse Gaussian Type. Finance and Stochastics, 2, 41-68.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007800050032
 
[6]Mwaniki, I.J. (2010) On APARCH Lévy Filter Option Pricing Formula for Developed and Emerging Markets. PhD Thesis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi.
 
[7]Rydberg, T. (2000) Realistic Statistical Modeling of Financial Data. International Statistical Review, 68, 233-258.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-5823.2000.tb00329.x
 
[8]Cont, R. (2001) Empirical Properties of Asset Returns: Stylized Facts and Statistical Issues. Quantitative Finance, 1, 223-236.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713665670
 
[9]Carr, P. and Madan, D. (1998) Option Valuation Using the Fast Fourier Transform. Journal of Computational Finance, 2, 61-73.
 
[10]Barndorff-Nielson, O. (1998) Process of Normal Inverse Gaussian Type. Finance Stochastics, 2, 41-68.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007800050032
 
[11]Chan, T. (1999) Pricing Contingent Claims on Stock Driven by Lévy Processes. The Annals of Applied Probability, 9, 504-528.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aoap/1029962753
 
[12]Carr, P., German, H., Madan, D. and Yor, M. (2002) The Fine Structure of Asset Returns: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Business, 75, 305-332.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/338705
 
[13]Engle, R. (1982) Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of Variance of United Kingdom Inflation. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 9, 987-1008.
 
[14]Bollerslev, T. (1986) Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 31, 307-327.
 
[15]Duan, J. (1995) The GARCH Option Pricing Model. Mathematical Finance, 5, 13-32.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.1995.tb00099.x
 
[16]Härdle, W. and Hafner, C. (2000) Discrete Time Option Pricing with Flexible Volatility Estimation. Finance and Stochastics, 4, 189-207.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007800050011
 
[17]Christoffersen, P. and Jacobs, K. (2004) Which GARCH Model for Option Valuation? Management Science, 50, 1204-1221.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1040.0276
 
[18]Ding, Z., Granger, W. and Engle, R. (1993) A Long Memory Property of Stock Markets Returns and a New Model. Journal of Empirical Finance, 1, 83-106.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-5398(93)90006-D
 
[19]Hentschel, L. (1995) All in the Family Nesting Symmetric and Asymmetric GARCH Models. Journal of Financial Economics, 39, 71-104.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(94)00821-H
 
[20]Laurent, S. (2004) Analytical Derivatives of the APARCH Model. Computational Economics, 24, 51-57.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:CSEM.0000038851.72226.76
 
[21]Glosten, L., Jagannathan, R. and Runkle, D. (1993) The Relationship between Expected Value and the Volatility of the Nominal Excess Returns on Stocks. Journal of Finance, 48, 1779-1801.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1993.tb05128.x
 
[22]Zakoian, J. (1994) Threshold Heteroskedastic Models. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 18, 931-955.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1889(94)90039-6
 
[23]Sato, K. (1999) Lévy Process and Infinitely Divisible Distributions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
 
[24]Barndorff-Nielsen, O. (1977) Exponentially Decreasing Distributions for Logarithms of Particle Size. Proceedings of the Royal Society London Series A, 353, 401-419.
 
[25]Hafner, C. and Herwartz, H. (2001) Option Pricing under Linear Autoregressive Dynamics, Heteroskedasticity, and Conditional Leptokurtosis. Journal of Empirical Finance, 8, 1-34.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0927-5398(00)00024-4
 
[26]Engle, R., Lilian, D. and Robins, R. (1987) Estimating Time Varying Premia in Term Structure: The ARCH-M Model. Econometrica, 55, 391-407.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1913242                                    eww150129lx

评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...