跳至主要内容

Impacts of Forest Harvest on Active Carbon and Microbial Properties of a Volcanic Ash Cap Soil in Northern Idaho

Read  full paper  at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53002#.VK9BrsnQrzE

ABSTRACT
Soil quality assessments are essential for determining impacts on belowground microbial community structure and function. We evaluated the suitability of active carbon (C), a rapid field test, as an indicator of soil biological quality in five paired forest stands (clear cut harvested 40 years prior and unharvested) growing on volcanic ash-cap soils in northern Idaho. Active C was compared with several traditional measures of soil microbial properties (microbial biomass, respiration, fungal hyphal biomass, bacterial number and biomass and PLFA community structure). Despite the significant differences in forest vegetation between paired stands, no differences in active C and only a few significant differences in microbial properties were detected. Total bacteria (microscope counts) and PLFA signatures (gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria, actinomycetes) were significantly higher in the managed stands. Our results indicate that either mineral soil biological properties in managed stands were relatively unaffected at the time of harvest or some biological recovery occurred 40 years later. Additionally, volcanic ash-cap soils in moist ecosystems could be highly resilient to the impacts of harvest operations and therefore few significant biological changes could be detected.
 
Cite this paper
Page-Dumroese, D. , Busse, M. , Overby, S. , Gardner, B. and Tirocke, J. (2015) Impacts of Forest Harvest on Active Carbon and Microbial Properties of a Volcanic Ash Cap Soil in Northern Idaho. Open Journal of Soil Science, 5, 11-19. doi: 10.4236/ojss.2015.51002.
 
References
[1]Doran, J.W. and Parkin, T.B. (1994) Defining and Assessing Soil Quality. In: Doran, J.W., Coleman, D.C., Bezdicek, D.F. and Stewart, B.A., Eds., Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, 3-21.
 
[2]Page-Dumroese, D., Jurgensen, M., Elliot, W., Rice, T., Nesser, J., Collins, T. and Meurisse, R. (2000) Soil Quality Standards and Guidelines for Forest Sustainability in Northwestern North America. Forest Ecology and Management, 138, 445-462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00430-8
 
[3]Burger, J.A. and Kelting, D.L. (1998) Soil Quality Monitoring for Assessing Sustainable Forest Management. In: Adams, M.B., Ramakrishna, K. and Davidson, E.A., Eds., The Contributions of Soil Science to the Development of and Implementation of Criteria and Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management, Soil Science Society of America, Madison.
 
[4]Harvey, A.E., Larsen, M.J. and Jurgensen, M.F. (1980) Biological Implication of Increasing Harvest Intensity on the Maintenance and Productivity of Forest Soils. In: Environmental Consequences of Timber Harvesting in Rocky Mountain Coniferous Ecosystems, Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, 180-210.
 
[5]Powers, R.F. (1997) Are We Maintaining the Productivity of Forest Lands? Establishing Guidelines through a Network of Long-Term Studies. In: Harvey, A.E. and Neuwenschwander, L., Eds., Management and Productivity of Western-Montane Forest Soils, Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, 70-81.
 
[6]Grigal, D.F. (2000) Effects of Extensive Forest Management on Soil Productivity. Forest Ecology and Management, 138, 167-185.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00395-9
 
[7]Powers, R.F., Scott, D.A., Sanchez, F.G., Voldseth, R.A., Page-Dumroese, D., Elioff, J.D. and Stone, D.M. (2005) The North American Long-Term Soil Productivity Experiment: Findings from the First Decade of Research. Forest Ecology and Management, 220, 31-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.003
 
[8]Franzluebbers, A.J., Haney, R.L., Honeycutt, C.W., Schomberg, H.H. and Hons, F.M. (2000) Flush of Carbon Dioxide Following Rewetting of Dried Soil Relates to Active Organic Pools. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64, 613623. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2000.642613x
 
[9]Moldrup, P., Yoshikawa, S., Olesen, T., Komatsu, T. and Rolston, D.E. (2003) Gas Diffusivity in Undisturbed Volcanic Ash Soils: Test of Soil-Water-Characteristic-Based Prediction Models. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67, 41-51.http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.0041
 
[10]Gardner, B. (2007). Field Identification of Andic Soil Properties for Soils of North-Central Idaho. In: Page-Dumroese, D.S., Miller, R.E., Mital, J., McDaniel, P. and Miller, D., Eds., Volcanic-Ash-Derived Forest Soils of the Inland Northwest: Properties and Implications for Management and Restoration. Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ft. Collins, 23-30.
 
[11]Page-Dumroese, D.S., Jurgensen, M.F. and Terry, T.A. (2010) Maintaining Soil Productivity during Biomass Harvesting in Western Forests. Western Journal Applied Forestry, 25, 5-10.
 
[12]Islam, K.R. and Weil, R.R. (2000) Soil Quality Indicator Properties in Mid-Atlantic Soils as Influenced by Conservation Management. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 55, 69-78.
 
[13]Wander, M.M. and Bidart, M.G. (2000) Tillage Practice Influences on the Physical Protection, Bioavailability and Composition of Particulate Organic Matter. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 32, 360-367.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740000260
 
[14]DeLuca, T.H. and Keeney, D.R. (1993) Soluble Organics and Extractable Nitrogen in Paired Prairie and Cultivated Soil of Central Iowa. Soil Science, 155, 219-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199303000-00008
 
[15]Soil Survey Staff (2006) Soil Taxonomy.10th Edition, US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation, Washington DC.
 
[16]Sumner, M.E. and Miller, W.P. (1996) Cation Exchange Capacity. In: Sparks, D.L., Ed., Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, 1201-1230.
 
[17]Weil, R.R., Kankikar, I.R., Stine, M.A., Gruver, J.B. and Samson-Liebig, S.E. (2003) Estimating Active Carbon for Soil Quality Assessment: A Simplified Method for Laboratory and Field Use. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 18, 3-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/AJAA2003003
 
[18]Blair, G.J., Lefroy, R.D.B. and Lise, L. (1995) Soil Carbon Fractions Based on Their Degree of Oxidation, and the Development of a Carbon Management Index for Agricultural Systems. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 46, 1459-1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AR9951459
 
[19]Anderson, J.P.E. and Domsch, K.H. (1978) A Physiological Method for the Quantitative Measurement of Microbial Biomass in Soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 11, 215-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(78)90099-8
 
[20]Busse, M.D., Sanchez, F.G., Ratcliff, A.W., Butnor, J.R., Carter, E.A. and Powers, R.F. (2009) Soil Carbon Sequestration and Changes in Fungal and Bacterial Biomass Following Incorporation of Forest Residues. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41, 220-227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.012
 
[21]Bottomley, P.J. (1994) Light Microscopic Methods for Studying Soil Microorganisms. In: Weaver, R.W., et al., Eds., Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Microbiological and Biochemical Properties, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, 81-105.
 
[22]Frostegard, A. and B??th, E. (1996) The Use of Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis to Estimate Bacterial and Fungal Biomass in Soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 22, 59-65.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384433
 
[23]Zelles, L., Bai, Q.Y., Beck, T. and Beese, F. (1992) Signature Fatty Acids in Phospholipid and Lipopolysaccharides as Indicators of Microbial Biomass and Community Structure in Agricultural Soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 24, 317-323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(92)90191-Y
 
[24]White, D.C., Meadows, P., Eglinton, G. and Coleman, M.L. (1993) In Situ Measurement of Microbial Biomass, Community Structure and Nutritional Status. Philosophical Transactions: Physical Sciences and Engineering, 344, 59-67.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1993.0075
 
[25]Frostegard, A., Tunlid, A. and B??th, E. (1991) Microbial Biomass Measured as Total Lipid Phosphate in Soils of Different Organic Content. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 14, 151-163.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7012(91)90018-L
 
[26]Frostegard, A., B??th, E. and Tunlid, A. (1993) Shifts in the Structure of Soil Microbial Communities in Limed Forests as Revealed by Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 25, 723-730.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(93)90113-P
 
[27]Dyck, W.J. and Cole, D.W. (1994) Strategies for Determining Consequences of Harvesting and Associated Practices on Long-Term Productivity. In: Dyck, W.J., Cole, D.W. and Comerford, N.B., Eds., Impacts of Forest Harvesting on Long-Term Site Producitivity, Chapman and Hall, London, 13-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1270-3_2
 
[28]Pennock, D.J. and van Kessel, C. (1997) Clear-Cut Forest Harvest Impacts on Soil Quality Indicators in the Mixedwood Forest of Saskatchewan, Canada. Geoderma, 75, 13-32.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(96)00075-4
 
[29]Seidel, K.W. (1980) Diameter and Height Growth of Suppressed Grand Fir Saplings after Overstory Removal. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Research Paper, PNW-RP-275.
 
[30]Neary, D.G. and Hornbeck, J.W. (1994) Impacts of Harvesting and Associated Practices on Off-Site Environmental Quality. In: Dyck, W.J., Cole, D.W and Comerford, N.B., Eds., Impacts of Forest Harvesting on Long-Term Site Productivity, Chapman and Hall, London, 81-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1270-3_4
 
[31]Page-Dumroese, D.S., Jurgensen, M.F., Tiarks, A.E., Ponder Jr., F., Sanchez, F.G., Fleming, R.L., et al. (2006) Soil Physical Property Changes at the North American Long-Term Soil Productivity Sites: 1 and 5 Years after Compaction. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 36, 551-564.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-273
 
[32]Ponder Jr., F., Fleming, R.L., Berch, S., Busse, M.D., Elioff, J.D., Hazlett, P.W., et al. (2012) Effects of Organic Matter Removal, Soil Compaction and Vegetation Control on 10th Year Biomass and Foliar Nutrition: LTSP Continent-Wide Comparisons. Forest Ecology and Management, 278, 35-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.014
 
[33]Larsen, M.J., Harvey, A.E. and Jurgensen, M.F. (1980) Residue Decay Processes and Associated Environmental Functions in Northern Rocky Mountain Forests. In: Environmental Consequences of Timber Harvesting in Rocky Mountain Coniferous Ecosystems, Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, 157-174.
 
[34]Mroz, G.D., Jurgensen, M.F., Harvey, A.E. and Larsen, M.J. (1980) Effects of Fire on Nitrogen and Forest Floor Horizons. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44, 395-400.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400020038x
 
[35]Jurgensen, M.F., Harvey, A.E., Graham, R.T., Page-Dumroese, D.S., Tonn, J.R., Larsen, M.J. and Jain, T.B. (1997) Impacts of Timber Harvesting on Soil Organic Matter, Nitrogen, Productivity, and Health of Inland Northwest Forest. Forest Science, 43, 234-251.
 
[36]Entry, J.A., Stark, N.M. and Loewenstein, H. (1986) Effect of Timber Harvesting on Microbial Biomass Fluxes in a Northern Rocky Mountain Forest Soil. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 16, 1076-1081.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-186
 
[37]Bailey, V.L., Smith, J.L. and Bolton, H. (2002) Fungal-to-Bacterial Rations in Soils Investigated for Enhanced C Sequestration. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34, 393-395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00033-0
 
[38]Griffiths, R.P. and Swanson, A.K. (2001) Forest Soil Characteristics in a Chronosequence of Harvested Douglas-Fir forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 31, 1871-1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-31-11-1871
 
[39]Culman, S.W., Snapp, S.S., Freeman, M.A., Schipanski, M.E., Beniston, J., Lal, R., Drinkwater, L.E., Franzluebbers, A.J., Glover, J.D., Grandy, A.S., Lee, J., Six, J., Maul, J.E., Mirksy, S.B., Spargo, J.T. and Wander, M.M. (2012) Permanganate Oxidizable Carbon Reflects a Processed Soil Fraction That Is Sensitive to Management. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 76, 494-504.
http://dx.doi.org/sssaj2011.0286                                                                                        eww150109lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文