跳至主要内容

Determination of Shearing Properties for Tubular Pinewood under Torsion

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53132#.VLXTfcnQrzE

Author(s) 

ABSTRACT
In this study, tubular pinewood (Pinus sylvestris L.) specimens are tested and shear strain measurements are performed by applying torsion in direction in the consideration of light weight aircraft engineering. The objective of this paper is to contribute and generate the nonlinear material model in terms of shear modulus presented with power functions under the consideration of nonlinear behavior of wood under torque. Strain gauge measurements are performed for the maximum shear stresses which develop on the tubular specimen, along the radial , circumferential and directions, in a point-wise manner. The data is gathered and examined for the determination of the local variations of empirical shear modulus functions on transversely isotropic surfaces of the specimens. The coordinate dependent shear modulus functions of , , are derived for as the function of , and , respectively, by analyzing the gathered data. It is proposed to represent the shear modulus functions, and with the parabolic polynomials, and, to represent the shear modulus function with a linear equation.
 
Cite this paper
Günay, E. and Uludogan, E. (2015) Determination of Shearing Properties for Tubular Pinewood under Torsion. Materials Sciences and Applications, 6, 48-59. doi: 10.4236/msa.2015.61007.
 
References
[1]Wooster, W.A. (1949) A Textbook on Crystal Physics. Cambridge University Press, London.
 
[2]Bozorth, R.M. (1951) Ferromagnetism. Van Nostrand, New York.
 
[3]Turley, J. and Sines, G. (1971) The Anisotropy of Young’s Modulus Shear Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio in Cubic Materials. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 4, 264-271.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/4/2/312
 
[4]Saliklis, E.P. and Falk, R.H. (2000) Correlating Off-Axis Tension Tests to Shear Modulus of Wood-Based Panels. Journal of Structural Engineering, 126, 621-625.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:5(621)
 
[5]Salmén, L. (2004) Micromechanical Understanding of the Cell-Wall Structure. CR Biologies, 327, 873-880.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2004.03.010
 
[6]Yoshihara, H. and Ohta, M. (1992) Stress-Strain Relationship of Wood in the Plastic Region. I. Examination of the Applicability of Plasticity Theories. Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 38, 759-763.
 
[7]Yoshihara, H. and Ohta, M. (1994) Stress-Strain Relationship of Wood in the Plastic Region. II. Formulation of the Equivalent Stress-Equivalent Plastic Strain Relationship. Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 40, 263-267.
 
[8]Yoshihara, H. and Ohta, M. (1995) Determination of the Shear Stress-Shear Strain Relationship of Wood by Torsion Tests. Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 41, 988-993.
 
[9]Yoshihara, H. and Ohta, M. (1997) Analysis of the Shear Stress/Shear Strain Relationships in Wood Obtained by Torsion Tests. Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 43, 457-463.
 
[10]Ramberg, W. and Osgood, W.R. (1943) Description of the Stress-Strain Curves by Three Parameters. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, Tech. Note No. 902.
 
[11]O’Halloran, M.R. (1973) Curvilinear Stress-Strain Relationship for Wood in Compression. Ph.D. Dissertation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.
 
[12]Foschi, R.O. (1974) Load-Slip Characteristics of Nails. Wood Science, 17, 69-77.
 
[13]Hu, J. (1990) Strength Analysis of Wood Single Bolted Joints. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
 
[14]Werner, H. (1993) Bearing Capacity of Dowel-Type Wood Connections Accounting for the Influence of Relevant Parameters. Ph.D. Dissertation, Karlsruhe University, Karlsruhe.
 
[15]Davalos-Sotelo, R. and Pellicane, P.J. (1992) Bolted Connections in Wood under Bending/Tension Loading. Journal of Structural Engineering, 118, 999-1013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:4(999)
 
[16]Patton-Mallory, M., Cramer, S.M., Smith, F.W. and Pellicane, P.J. (1997) Nonlinear Material Models for Analysis of Bolted Wood Connections. Journal of Structural Engineering, 123, 1063-1070.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:8(1063)
 
[17]Patton-Mallory, M., Smith, F.W. and Pellicane, P.J. (1998) Modeling Bolted Connections in Wood: A Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Approach. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 26, 115-124.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/JTE11981J
 
[18]Yoshihara, H., Ohsaki, H., Kubojima, Y. and Ohta, M. (1999) Applicability of the Iosipescu Shear Test on the Measurement of the Shear Properties of Wood. Journal of Wood Science, 45, 24-29.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00579520
 
[19]Ayina, O. and Morlier, P. (1998) Modelling the Behavior of Wood under a Constant Torque. Materials and Structures/Materiaux et Constructions, 31, 405-410.
 
[20]Tabiei, A. and Wu, J. (2000) Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Orthotropic Finite Element Material Model for Wood Composite Structures. Composite Structures, 50, 143-149.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(00)00089-1
 
[21]Magorou, L.L., Bos, F. and Rouger, F. (2002) Identification of Constitutive Laws for Wood-Based Panels by Means of an Inverse Method. Composites Science and Technology, 62, 591-596.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00149-X
 
[22]Francescato, P., Pastor, J. and Enab, T. (2005) Torsional Behavior of a Wood-Based Composite Beam. Journal of Composite Materials, 39, 865-879.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998305048731
 
[23]Dahl, K.B. and Malo, K.A. (2009) Nonlinear Shear Properties of Spruce Softwood: Numerical Analyses of Experimental Results. Composites Science and Technology, 69, 2144-2151.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.05.011
 
[24]Dahl, K.B. and Malo, K.A. (2009) Linear Shear Properties of Spruce Softwood. Wood Science and Technology, 43, 499-525.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-009-0246-5
 
[25]Dahl, K.B. and Malo, K.A. (2009) Nonlinear Shear Properties of Spruce Softwood: Experimental Results. Wood Science and Technology, 43, 539-558.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-009-0247-4
 
[26]Liu, J.Y. and Ross, R.J. (2005) Relationship between Radial Compressive Modulus of Elasticity and Shear Modulus of Wood. Wood and Fiber Science, 37, 201-206.
 
[27]Gunay, E. and Konakll, S. (2004) The New Formed Shear Modulus Formulations for the Transversely Isotropic Fiber Composite Bars under Torsion Loading. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 19, 1-12.
 
[28]Gunay, E. and Konakll, S. (2006) Formation of Shear Stress Equations for Transversely Isotropic Finite Length Bar under Torsion. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 13, 255-270.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/SECM.2006.13.4.255
 
[29]Uludogan, E. (2005) Coordinate Dependent Experimental Determination of Shear Modulus for Transversely Isotropic Composites by using Wood Torsion Specimens. MSc. Thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara.
 
[30]Gunay, E. and Uludogan, E. (2007) Experimental Determination of Shear Modulii Variation of Typical Transversely Isotropic Wood Specimens. Journal of Machine Design and Manufacturing, 9, 67-87.
 
[31]TQSM21 (1982) Torsion Testing Machine Manual. TecQuipment Ltd., Nottingham.
 
[32]http://www.tecquipment.com
 
[33]Almemo (2003) Datalogger Unit Manual V5: Ahlborn Messund Regelungstechnik GmbH. Medewitzer, Straβe14, 02633 Gaussig, Berlin.
 
[34]http://www.ahlborn.com
 
[35]Inan, M. (1970) Strength of Materials. Ofset Printing Ltd. Company, Istanbul.
 
[36]Gunay, E. and Orçan, Y. (2007) Experimental Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior of Solid and Tubular Wood Species under Torsional Loading. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 31, 89-118.
 
[37]Gunay, E., Aygun, C. and Uludogan, E. (2012) Empirical Formulation of Shear Modulus Functions for Tubular Pinewood Specimens. 11th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies (Set-2012), SET-2012-348, Vancouver, 2-5 September 2012, 1152-1162.
 
[38]Gibson, R.F. (1994) Principles of Composite Material Mechanics. McGraw-Hill Inc., Singapore City.
 
[39]Yoshihara, H. and Matsumoto, A. (2005) Measurement of the Shearing Properties of Wood by In-Plane Shear Test Using a Thin Specimen. Wood Science and Technology, 39, 141-152.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-004-0283-z                                                                         eww150114lx

标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文