跳至主要内容

Comparison of Using an Electronic System and Conventional Monitoring Method for Monitoring the Quality of Drinking Water and Defects Discovery in Rural Area Water Distribution Network of Abarkouh, Iran

Read  full  paper  at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53059#.VLSMV8nQrzE

ABSTRACT
The used water for human consumption must be free of microorganisms and chemicals that cause risk in the human health. In this study, water quality of 18 rural area of Abarkouh was determined and compared the conventional monitoring method (According to ISIR (Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran), 1053 and 4208) and use of electronic system method (Patent in industrial property general office of Iran, 77815). Free chlorine monitoring and pH test done by health workers in the conventional method and the results will be sent to the Health Network monthly. Sampling for microbiological testing is done monthly based on population (According to ISIR, 4208). On the electronic system, the procedure is also done by health workers, but the result will be sent to the receiver device by using a cell phone. According to the chlorine test results if the free chlorine residual reported zero, microbiological sampling was done by a health expert. Finally, the number of chlorine test and microbiological sampling and the results of these experiments collected in the both methods and recorded in SPSS 22 then were analyzed by using chi-square test and Fisher exact test. The result of microbiological experiments shows that the sampling rate decreased 29% in using of electronic system method in comparison to the conventional monitoring method while the number of microbial defect detection increased 19% in drinking water networks monitoring by electronic system. Using of electronic system monitoring can reduce the rate and cost of microbiological sampling and its experiments and increase accuracy of these tests, in this way it will increase the quality and safety of drinking water in distribution network in small and dispersed rural communities.
 
Cite this paper
Fallahzadeh, R. , Gholami, M. , Madreseh, E. , Ghaneian, M. , Farahzadi, M. , Askarnejad, A. and Sadeghi, S. (2015) Comparison of Using an Electronic System and Conventional Monitoring Method for Monitoring the Quality of Drinking Water and Defects Discovery in Rural Area Water Distribution Network of Abarkouh, Iran. Health, 7, 35-40. doi: 10.4236/health.2015.71005.
 
References
[1]Ghannadi, M. and Mohebei, M.R. (2002) Guidelines for Analysis of Microbial Quality of Drinking Water. Khorasan Water and Wastewater Company, Mashhad.
 
[2]Dufour, A.P. (2003) Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. Assessing Microbial Safety of Drinking Water: Improving Approaches and Methods. IWA Publishing, London.
 
[3]Ghannadi, M. (2004) Risk Assessment and Developing the Rural Drinking Water Quality Parameters. Water and Environment, 58, 32-37.
 
[4]Water and Wastewater Engineering Co. (2006) Annual Performance Report of Iranian Rural Water and Wastewater Companies.
 
[5]World Health Organization (2006) Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. 1st Addendum to 3rd Edition, WHO, Geneva.
 
[6]Ghannadi, M. (2003) Strategies for Quality Control in Water Supply Networks. Water and Environment, 52, 4-11.
 
[7]Mohebbi, M.R. (2007) Study of Drinking Water Quality in Village of Tehran Weakness and Options to Improve It. MS. Thesis, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
 
[8]Farahzadi, M.H., Ghadirian, D., Jafari, V. and Fallahzadeh, R.A. (2010) Reform Microbial and Chlorine Sampling Process for Increasing Quality of Monitoring, Statistical Value and Cost Reduction in Water Supply Network Controlling. 13th National Conference of Environmental Health, Kerman, 2-4 November 2010, 4-10.
 
[9]Harold, I.M. (2004) Water Quality Monitoring and Transmission System and Method. US Patent No. US6753186 B2.
 
[10]Gary, A.B. (2008) Chlorine Monitor and Recorder for Water Distribution System. US Patent No. US0017509 A1.
 
[11]CyrilleLemone (2012) Installation and a Method for Monitoring the Quality of Water in a Potable Water Network. US Patent No. US 20120111799 A1.
 
[12]Fallahzadeh, R.A., Farahzadi, M.H., Shahvazian, M.Sh. and Shahvazian, M. (2013) Electronic Device by Recording and Analysis Ability of Chlorine and PH Test Data for Monitoring of Drinking Water Network. Industrial Property General Office, IR Patent No. 77815.
 
[13]Daniel, V. (2005) Remote Monitoring System for Water. US Patent No. US0009192 A1.
 
[14]David, L.F. (2009) Real Time Water Analysis System for Metals, Chemicals Radiological and Biological Materials (CBRNME) within Water. US Patent No. US 20090125241 A1.                                         eww150113lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文