跳至主要内容

Charged Colloidal Rods Out of Equilibrium

Read  full  paper  at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52969#.VK3xY8nQrzE

Author(s)  

ABSTRACT
This article is a comprehensive overview of the ongoing research of the author on charged colloidal rods out of equilibrium, under external electric fields and at high concentrations around the glass transition. The suspensions of fd-virus particles are used as a model system for charged colloidal rods, which exhibit several disorder-order (and liquid-crystalline) phase transitions. When a low AC electric field is applied to suspensions in isotropic-nematic coexistence concentration, with frequencies that are sufficiently low to polarize the electric double layer and the layer of condensed ions, various phases/states are induced: a chiral nematic, a dynamical state where nematic domains persistently melt and form, and a uniform homeotropic phase. A point in the field-amplitude versus frequency diagram, where various transitions lines meet, can be identified as a non-equilibrium critical point. Without an electric field, at high concentrations of charged fd-rods, various self-assembled orientation textures are found beyond the isotropic-nematic coexistence regions, and a glass transition is observed on approach and within the glass state that are probed. The presented system exhibits transient behaviors of repulsive glasses and slow dynamics out of equilibrium.
 
Cite this paper
Kang, K. (2015) Charged Colloidal Rods Out of Equilibrium. Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 5, 23-32. doi: 10.4236/aces.2015.51003.
 
References
[1]Kang, K. and Dhont, J.K.G. (2008) Double-Layer Polarization Induced Transitions in Suspension of Colloidal Rods. Europhysics Letters, 84, Article ID: 14005.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/84/14005
 
[2]Kang, K. and Dhont, J.K.G. (2010) Electric-Field Induced Transitions in Suspensions of Charged Colloidal Rods. Soft Matter, 6, 273-286.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b910046f
 
[3]Zimmermann, K., Hagedorn, J., Heuck, C.C., Hinrichsen, M. and Ludwig, J. (1986) The Ionic Properties of the Filamentous Bacteriophages Pf1 and fd. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 261, 1653-1655.
 
[4]Manning, G.S. (2011) A Counterion Condensation Theory for the Relaxation and Frequency Dependence of the Polarization of Rod-Like Polyelectrolytes. The European Physical Journal E, 34, 1-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2011-11039-2
 
[5]Dhont, J.K.G. and Kang, K. (2011) Electric-Field-Induced Polarization of the Layer of Condensed Ions on Cylindrical Colloids. The European Physical Journal E, 34, 40.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2011-11040-9
 
[6]Dhont, J.K.G. and Kang, K. (2014) An Electric-Field Induced Dynamical State in Dispersions of Charged Colloidal Rods. Soft Matter, 10, 1987-2007.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3sm52277f
 
[7]Kang, K. and Dhont, J.K.G. (2013) Glass Transition in Suspensions of Charged Rods: Structural Arrest and Texture Dynamics. Physical Review Letters, 110, Article ID: 015901.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.015901
 
[8]Kang, K. and Dhont, J.K.G. (2014) Structural Arrest and Texture Dynamics in Suspensions of Charged Colloidal Rods. Soft Matter, 9, 4401-4411.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3sm27754b
 
[9]Kang, K. (2011) Image Time-Correlation, Dynamic Light Scattering, and Birefringence for the Study of the Response of Anisometric Colloids to External Fields. Review of Scientific Instruments, 82, Article ID: 053903.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3589856
 
[10]Kang, K. (2010) Charged Fibrous Viruses (fd) in External Electric Fields: Dynamics and Orientational Order. New Journal of Physics, 12, Article ID: 063017.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/12/6/063017
 
[11]Kang, K. and Dhont, J.K.G. (2009) Criticality in a Non-Equilibrium, Driven System: Charged Colloidal Rods (fd-Viruses) in Electric Fields. The European Physical Journal E, 30, 333-340.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2009-10525-4
 
[12]Kang, K. (2014) Glass Transition of Repulsive Charged Rods (fd-Viruses). Soft Matter, 10, 3311-3324.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3sm53131g                                                                                 eww150108lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文