跳至主要内容

Adequate Advance Provided by a Familiar Fluid Dynamic Balance Principle to Tools and Techniques for Water Quality Interpretation: Experienced in Yaoundé (Cameroun) 2nd Supply Dam

Read  full  paper  at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=53558#.VMiOySzQrzE

ABSTRACT
In a fluid (liquid or gas) at rest, the isobars are horizontal surface. This fluid dynamic balance theorem provides adequate advance to tools and techniques for Water Quality Interpretation. We deal in this paper, with an effective way of exploiting the familiar communicating containers’ principle. That formally consists on providing water samples from desired depths of rivers, oceans, retention dams, etc. The prevailing limiting factor to achieve this feat is the length of our sampling pipes named Mbane Bathymetric Tube (MBT) designed for this purpose when rivers or retention dams are very deep. Providing drinking water to urban growing populations is a challenge that no government can escape. Therefore, improving the tools and techniques for water quality interpretation is an adequate advance for drinking water managerial techniques because this allows the recovery of contaminated water which abounds on the earth by acquiring appropriate wastewater treatment stations. The aim of the manuscript is to provide a brief theoretical description of our designed sampling equipment to allow everyone who is going to use it to solve in advance problems brought by Archimedes’ pressure force when experiencing the sampling pipes. Archimedes’ pressure force acts mainly when moving the sampling pipes to water lower levels and then opening its protective cover which allows the communication with the supply dam.
 
Cite this paper
Estelle, K. and César, M. (2015) Adequate Advance Provided by a Familiar Fluid Dynamic Balance Principle to Tools and Techniques for Water Quality Interpretation: Experienced in Yaoundé (Cameroun) 2nd Supply Dam. Open Journal of Marine Science, 5, 158-168. doi: 10.4236/ojms.2015.51013.
 
References
[1]Braun, J.J., Ndam Ngoupayou, J.R., Viers, J., Dupre, B., Bedimo Bedimo, J.P., et al. (2005) Present Weathering Rates in a Humid Tropical Watershed: Nsimi, South Cameroon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69, 357-387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.022
 
[2]Tanawa, E., Djeuda Tchapnga, H.B., Ngnikam, E., Temgoua, E. and Siakeu, J. (2000) Habitat and Protection of Water Resources in Suburban Areas in Africa Cities. Building and Environment, 37, 269-275.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(01)00024-5
 
[3]Viers, J., Dupre, B., Braun, J.J., Deberdt, S., Angeletti, B., et al. (2000) Major and Trace Element Abundances, and Strontium Isotopes in the Nyong Basin Rivers (Cameroon): Constraints on Chemical Weathering Processes and Elements Transport Mechanisms in Humid Tropical Environments. Chemical Geology, 169, 211-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00298-9
 
[4]Ostrom and Elinor (2009) A General Framework for Analyzing Sustainability of Social-Ecological Systems. Science, 325, 419-421.
 
[5]Léopold, E.N., et al. (2008) Metals Pollution in Freshly Deposited Sediments from River Mingoa, Main Tributary to the Municipal Lake of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Geosciences, 12, 337-347.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-008-0034-5
 
[6]Elderfield, H., Upstill-Goddard, R. and Sholkovitz, E.R. (1990) The Rare Earth Elements in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Seas and Their Significance to the Composition of Ocean Waters. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 971-991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90432-K
 
[7]Sholkovitz, E.R. (1992) Chemical Evolution of Rare Earth Elements: Fractionation between Colloidal and Solution Phases of Filtered River Water. Earth and Planetary Science Letter, 114, 77-84.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(92)90152-L
 
[8]Rousseau, D., Dupré, D.B., Gaillardet, J. and Allègre, C.J. (1996) Major and Trace Elements of River-Borne Material: The Congo Basin. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, 1301-1321.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(96)00043-9
 
[9]Ramesh, R., Ramanathan, A.L., Ramesh, S., Purvaja, R. and Subramanian, V. (2000) Distribution of Rare Earth Elements and Heavy Metals in the Surficial Sediments of the Himalayan River System. Geochemical Journal, 34, 295-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.34.295
 
[10]Nozaki, Y., Lerche, D., Alibo, D.S. and Snidvongs, A. (2000) The Estuarine Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements and Indium in the Chao Phraya River, Thailand. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64, 3983-3994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00473-7
 
[11]Singh, P. and Rajamani, V. (2001) REE Geochemistry of Recent Clastic Sediments from the Kaveri Floodplains, Southern India: Implication to Source Area Weathering and Sedimentary Processes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65, 3093-3108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00636-6
 
[12]Shiller, A.M. (2002) Seasonality of Dissolved Rare Earth Elements in the Lower Mississippi River. Geochemistry, Geophysics and Geosystems, 3, 1068-1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002GC000372
 
[13]Kimoto, M.A., Nearing, X.C., Zhang, D. and Powell, M. (2006) Applicability of Rare Earth Element Oxides as a Sediment Tracer for Coarse-Textured Soils. Catena, 65, 214-221.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2005.10.002
 
[14]Jones, A.P., Wall, F. and Williams, C.T. (1996) Rare Earth Minerals Chemistry, Origin and Ore Deposits. Series: The Mineralogical Society Series, Vol. 7, Springer Publisher, Berlin.
 
[15]Song, Z.L., Liu, C.Q., Han, G.L., Wang, Z.L., Zhu, Z.Z. and Yang, C. (2006) Enrichment and Release of Rare Earth Elements during Weathering of Sedimentary Rocks in Wujiang Catchments, Southwest China. Journal of Rare Earths, 24, 491-496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0721(06)60149-X
 
[16]Sultan, K. and Shazili, N.A.M. (2009) Rare Earth Elements in Tropical Surface Water, Soil and Sediments of the Terengganu River Basin, Malaysia. Journal of Rare Earths, 27, 1072-1078.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0721(08)60391-9
 
[17]Khoo, T.T., Yaw, B.S., Kimura, T. and Kim, J.H. (1988) Geology and Paleontology of the Redang Islands, Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 2, 123-130.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-9547(88)90023-2
 
[18]Kulkarni, P., Chellam, S., Flanagan, J.B. and Jayanty, R.K.M. (2007) Microwave Digestion: ICPMS for Elemental Analysis in Ambient Airbone Fine Particulate Matter: Rare Earth Elements and Validation Using a Filter Borne Fine Particle Certified Reference Material. Analytica Chimica Acta, 599, 170-176.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.08.014
 
[19]Ronov, A.B., Balashov, Y.A. and Girin, Y.P. (1974) Regularities of Rare Earth Element Distribution in the Sedimentary Shell and in the Crust of the Earth. Sedimentology, 21, 171-193.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1974.tb02055.x
 
[20]Anders, E. and Grevesse, N. (1989) Abundances of the Elements: Meteoritic and Solar. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53, 197-214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90286-X
 
[21]Khadijeh Saraee, R.I., Elias, S.B., Wood, A.K. and Reza, A.M. (2009) Rare Earth Elements Distribution in Marine Sediments of Malaysia Coasts. Journal of Rare Earths, 27, 1066-1077.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0721(08)60390-7                                                            eww150128lx

评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...