跳至主要内容

The Periodic Table of Elementary Particles Based on String Theory

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=49009#.VJeRhcCAM4

Author(s)
In this paper, all elementary particles (leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, and the Higgs boson) can be placed in the periodic table of elementary particles based on string theory with oscillating spacetime dimension number, instead of conventional string theory with fixed space-time dimension number. Dimension number oscillates between 11D and 10D and between 10D and 4D reversibly. The oscillation of space-time dimension number (D) is accompanied by mass dimension number (d) to represent mass. Space-time dimension number decreases with increasing mass dimension number, decreasing speed of light and increasing rest mass. 4D particle originally is 4D10d particle, and has the lowest speed of light and the highest rest mass. With the same energy, the relation between adjacent mass dimensions is Md-1=Mdαd2, where M is rest mass, d is mass dimension number, and α is the fine structure constant. According to the proposed cosmology, the non-gravitational 4D10d particles were sliced into 4D4d core particles surrounded by 6 separated mass dimensions as the 6 dimensional orbitals constituting the non-gravitational forces (electromagnetism, strong, and weak). The combination of the 6 dimensional orbitals and the gravitational 4D10d particle resulted in the 7 dimensional orbitals. As the periodic table of elements based on the atomic orbitals, the periodic table of elementary particles is based on the combination of the two asymmetrical sets of the 7 dimensional orbitals. One set as the principal dimensional orbitals is mainly for leptons and gauge bosons, and another set as the auxiliary orbitals is mainly for individual quarks. The calculated constituent masses of leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, and the Higgs boson are in good agreement with the observed values. For examples, the calculated mass of top quark is 176.5 GeV in good agreement with the observed 173.34 GeV, and the calculated average mass of the Higgs boson is 128.8 GeV in good agreements with the observed 125 or 126 GeV.
Cite this paper
Chung, D. (2014) The Periodic Table of Elementary Particles Based on String Theory. Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 1234-1243. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2014.514123.
 

[1] Randall, L. and Sundrum, R. (1999) Physical Review Letters, 83, 4690-4693.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.4690
[2] Chung, D.-Y. (2014) Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 464-472.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2014.56056
[3] Albrecht, A. and Magueijo, J. (1999) Physics Review, D59, Article ID: 043516.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.59.043516
[4] Barrow, J.D. (2003) Physics Letter B, 564, 1-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00573-2
[5] Wesson, P.S. (1999) Space-Time-Matter: Modern Kaluza-Klein Theory. World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812385475
[6] Barut, A.O. (1979) Physical Review Letter, 42, 1251.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.42.1251
[7] Greulich, K.O. (2010) Journal of Modern Physics, 1, 300-302.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2010.15042
[8] Greulich, K.O. (2013) Proceedings of SPIE, 8832, Article ID: 883218.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2023044
[9] Chung, D.-Y. and Krasnoholovets, V. (2013) Journal of Modern Physics, 4, 27-31.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2013.44A005
[10] Chung, D.-Y. and Hefferlin, R. (2013) Journal of Modern Physics, 4, 21-26.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2013.44A004
[11] Maldacena, J. (1998) Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 2, 231-252.
[12] Chung, D. (1997) Speculations in Science and Technology, 20, 259-268.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026433207862
[13] Salam, A. (1968) Svartholm, W., Ed., Elementary Particle Theory, Almquist and Wiksell, Stockholm, 367-387.
[14] Beringer, J., et al. (2012) Physical Review, D86, Article ID: 0100018
http://pdg.lbl.gov/2012/reviews/rpp2012-rev-standard-model.pdf
[15] Fujita, J. and Miyazawa, H. (1957) Progress of Theoretical Physics, 17, 360.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/PTP.17.360
[16] Aguilar, A., Binosi, D. and Papavassiliou, J. (2008) Physical Review, D 78, Article ID: 025010.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.78.025010
[17] Langacher, P., Luo, M. and Mann, A. (1992) Reviews of Modern Physics, 64, 87-192.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.64.87
[18] Griffiths, D. (2008) Introduction to Elementary Particles. WILEY-VCH, 135.
[19] MacGregor, M.H. (2005) International Journal of Modern Physics A, 20, 719-798.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X05021117
[20] The ATLAS, CDF, CMS, D0 Collaborations (2014) First Combination of Tevatron and LHC Measurements of the Top-Quark Mass. arXiv:1403.4427 [hep-ex]
[21] The ATLAS Collaboration (2012) Physical Letters B, 716, 1-29.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.020
[22] The CMS Collaboration (2012) Physical Letters B, 716, 30-61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.021              eww141222lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文