跳至主要内容

Study of Work-Travel Related Behavior Using Principal Component Analysis

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52715#.VKH_0cCAM4

The main objective of this study is to analyze work travel-related behavior through a set of variables relative to socio-economic class, urban environment and travel characteristics. The Principal Component Analysis was applied in a sample consisting of workers of the São Paulo Metropolitan Area, based on the origin-destination home interview survey, carried out in 1997, in order to: 1) examine the interdependence between travel patterns and a set of socioeconomic and urban environment variables; 2) determine if the original database can be synthetized on components. The results enabled to observe relations between the individual’s socio-economic class and car usage, characteristics of urban environment and destination choices, as well as age and non-motorized travel mode choice. It is then concluded that the database can be adequately summarized in three components for subsequent analysis: 1) urban environment; 2) socio-economic class; and 3) family structure.
Cite this paper
Pitombo, C. and Gomes, M. (2014) Study of Work-Travel Related Behavior Using Principal Component Analysis. Open Journal of Statistics, 4, 889-901. doi: 10.4236/ojs.2014.411083.
 

[1] Lu, X. and Pas, I. (1998) Socio-Demographics, Activity Participation and Travel Behavior. Transportation Research Part A, 33, 1-18.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0965-8564(98)00020-2
[2] Strambi, O., Vespucci, K.M. and Van de Bilt, K. (2004) Analysis of the Evolution of Classes of Individual Patterns and Their Relation to Socio-Demographic and Economic Variables. 83rd Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board. CD-ROM. Washington DC.
[3] Mcguckin, N. and Murakami, E. (1999) Examining Trip-Chaining Behavior: Comparison of Travel by Men and Women. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1693, Transportation Reasearch Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 79-85.
http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3141/1693-12
[4] Recker, W.W. (1995) The Household Activity Pattern Problem: General Formulation and Solution. Transportation Research Part B, 29, 61-77.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-2615(94)00023-S.
[5] Ye, X., Pendyala, R.M. and Gottardi, G. (2007) An Exploration of the Relationship between Mode Choice and Complexity of Trip Chaining Patterns. Transportation Research Part B, 41, 96-113.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2006.03.004
[6] Bhat, C.R., Sivakumar. A. and Axhausen, K.W. (2003) An Analysis of the Impact of Information and Communication Technologies on Non-Maintenance Shopping Activities. Transportation Research Part B, 37, 857-881.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-2615(02)00062-0
[7] Strathman, J.G., Dueker, K.J. and Davis, J.S. (1994) Effect of Household Structure and Selected Travel Characteristics on Tripchaining. Transportation, 21, 23-45.
http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/BF01119633
[8] Krikey, K. (2003) Neighborhood Services, Trip Purpose and Tour-Based Travel. Transportation, 30, 387-410.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024768007730
[9] Primerano, F., Taylor, M.A.P., Pitaksringkarn, L. and Tisato, P. (2008) Defining and Understanding Trip Chaining Behavior. Transportation, 35, 55-72.
http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s11116-007-9134-8
[10] Hanson S. and Hanson, P. (1981) The Travel-Activity Patterns of Urban Residents: Dimensions and Relationships to Sociodemographic Characteristics. Economic Geography, 57, 332-347.
[11] Mitchell, C.G.B. and Town, S.W. (1977) Accessibility of Various Social Groups to Different Activities. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington DC, 31 p.
[12] Doubleday, C. (1997) Some Studies of the Temporal Stability of Person Trip Generation Models. Transportation Research, 11, 255-264.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-1647(77)90091-0
[13] Kitamura, R. (1985) Trip Chaining in a Linear City. Transportation Research Part A, 17, 155-167.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-2607(85)90023-8
[14] Dargay, J. (2012) The Prospects for Longer Distance Domestic Coach, Rail, Air and Car Travel in Britain. Report to the Independent Transport Commission.
http://www.trg.soton.ac.uk/itc/ldt_main.pdf
[15] Lee, Y., Hickman, M. and Washington, S. (2007) Household Type and Structure, Time-Use Pattern, and Trip-Chaining Behavior. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 41, 1004-1020.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2007.06.007
[16] Newman, P. and Kenworthy, J. (1989) Gasoline Consumption and Cities: A Comparison of US Cities with a Global Survey. APA Journal, 55, 23-39.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944368908975398
[17] Cervero, R. and Radisch, C. (1996) Pedestrian versus Automobile Oriented Neighborhoods. Transport Policy, 3, 127-141.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-070X(96)00016-9
[18] Handy, S. (1993) Regional versus Local Accessibility: Implications for Non-Work Travel. Transportation Research Record, 58-66.
[19] Aditjandra, P.T., Cao, X. and Mulley, C. (2012) Understanding Neighborhood Design Impact on Travel Behavior: An Application of Structural Equations Model to a British Metropolitan Data. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 46, 22-32.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2011.09.001
[20] Field, A. (2005) Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. 2nd Edition, SAGE Publications Ltd., Los Angeles, London, New Delphi, Singapore, Washington DC.
[21] Johnson, R.A. and Wichern, D.W. (1992) Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
[22] Breiman, L., Friedman, J.H., Olshen, R.A. and Stone, C.J. (1984) Classification and Regression Trees. Wadsworth International Group, Belmont.                                                  eww141230lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文