跳至主要内容

Study of Work-Travel Related Behavior Using Principal Component Analysis

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52715#.VKH_0cCAM4

The main objective of this study is to analyze work travel-related behavior through a set of variables relative to socio-economic class, urban environment and travel characteristics. The Principal Component Analysis was applied in a sample consisting of workers of the São Paulo Metropolitan Area, based on the origin-destination home interview survey, carried out in 1997, in order to: 1) examine the interdependence between travel patterns and a set of socioeconomic and urban environment variables; 2) determine if the original database can be synthetized on components. The results enabled to observe relations between the individual’s socio-economic class and car usage, characteristics of urban environment and destination choices, as well as age and non-motorized travel mode choice. It is then concluded that the database can be adequately summarized in three components for subsequent analysis: 1) urban environment; 2) socio-economic class; and 3) family structure.
Cite this paper
Pitombo, C. and Gomes, M. (2014) Study of Work-Travel Related Behavior Using Principal Component Analysis. Open Journal of Statistics, 4, 889-901. doi: 10.4236/ojs.2014.411083.
 

[1] Lu, X. and Pas, I. (1998) Socio-Demographics, Activity Participation and Travel Behavior. Transportation Research Part A, 33, 1-18.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0965-8564(98)00020-2
[2] Strambi, O., Vespucci, K.M. and Van de Bilt, K. (2004) Analysis of the Evolution of Classes of Individual Patterns and Their Relation to Socio-Demographic and Economic Variables. 83rd Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board. CD-ROM. Washington DC.
[3] Mcguckin, N. and Murakami, E. (1999) Examining Trip-Chaining Behavior: Comparison of Travel by Men and Women. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1693, Transportation Reasearch Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 79-85.
http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3141/1693-12
[4] Recker, W.W. (1995) The Household Activity Pattern Problem: General Formulation and Solution. Transportation Research Part B, 29, 61-77.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-2615(94)00023-S.
[5] Ye, X., Pendyala, R.M. and Gottardi, G. (2007) An Exploration of the Relationship between Mode Choice and Complexity of Trip Chaining Patterns. Transportation Research Part B, 41, 96-113.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2006.03.004
[6] Bhat, C.R., Sivakumar. A. and Axhausen, K.W. (2003) An Analysis of the Impact of Information and Communication Technologies on Non-Maintenance Shopping Activities. Transportation Research Part B, 37, 857-881.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-2615(02)00062-0
[7] Strathman, J.G., Dueker, K.J. and Davis, J.S. (1994) Effect of Household Structure and Selected Travel Characteristics on Tripchaining. Transportation, 21, 23-45.
http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/BF01119633
[8] Krikey, K. (2003) Neighborhood Services, Trip Purpose and Tour-Based Travel. Transportation, 30, 387-410.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024768007730
[9] Primerano, F., Taylor, M.A.P., Pitaksringkarn, L. and Tisato, P. (2008) Defining and Understanding Trip Chaining Behavior. Transportation, 35, 55-72.
http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s11116-007-9134-8
[10] Hanson S. and Hanson, P. (1981) The Travel-Activity Patterns of Urban Residents: Dimensions and Relationships to Sociodemographic Characteristics. Economic Geography, 57, 332-347.
[11] Mitchell, C.G.B. and Town, S.W. (1977) Accessibility of Various Social Groups to Different Activities. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington DC, 31 p.
[12] Doubleday, C. (1997) Some Studies of the Temporal Stability of Person Trip Generation Models. Transportation Research, 11, 255-264.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-1647(77)90091-0
[13] Kitamura, R. (1985) Trip Chaining in a Linear City. Transportation Research Part A, 17, 155-167.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-2607(85)90023-8
[14] Dargay, J. (2012) The Prospects for Longer Distance Domestic Coach, Rail, Air and Car Travel in Britain. Report to the Independent Transport Commission.
http://www.trg.soton.ac.uk/itc/ldt_main.pdf
[15] Lee, Y., Hickman, M. and Washington, S. (2007) Household Type and Structure, Time-Use Pattern, and Trip-Chaining Behavior. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 41, 1004-1020.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2007.06.007
[16] Newman, P. and Kenworthy, J. (1989) Gasoline Consumption and Cities: A Comparison of US Cities with a Global Survey. APA Journal, 55, 23-39.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944368908975398
[17] Cervero, R. and Radisch, C. (1996) Pedestrian versus Automobile Oriented Neighborhoods. Transport Policy, 3, 127-141.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-070X(96)00016-9
[18] Handy, S. (1993) Regional versus Local Accessibility: Implications for Non-Work Travel. Transportation Research Record, 58-66.
[19] Aditjandra, P.T., Cao, X. and Mulley, C. (2012) Understanding Neighborhood Design Impact on Travel Behavior: An Application of Structural Equations Model to a British Metropolitan Data. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 46, 22-32.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2011.09.001
[20] Field, A. (2005) Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. 2nd Edition, SAGE Publications Ltd., Los Angeles, London, New Delphi, Singapore, Washington DC.
[21] Johnson, R.A. and Wichern, D.W. (1992) Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
[22] Breiman, L., Friedman, J.H., Olshen, R.A. and Stone, C.J. (1984) Classification and Regression Trees. Wadsworth International Group, Belmont.                                                  eww141230lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

A Comparison of Methods Used to Determine the Oleic/Linoleic Acid Ratio in Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and food crop. It is also a cheap source of protein, a good source of essential vitamins and minerals, and a component of many food products. The fatty acid composition of peanuts has become increasingly important with the realization that oleic acid content significantly affects the development of rancidity. And oil content of peanuts significantly affects flavor and shelf-life. Early generation screening of breeding lines for high oleic acid content greatly increases the efficiency of developing new peanut varieties. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of methods used to classify individual peanut seed as high oleic or not high oleic. Three hundred and seventy-four (374) seeds, spanning twenty-three (23) genotypes varying in oil composition (i.e. high oleic (H) or normal/not high oleic (NH) inclusive of all four peanut market-types (runner, Spanish, Valencia and Virginia), were individually tested ...
发表评论
阅读全文

Location Optimization of a Coal Power Plant to Balance Costs against Plant’s Emission Exposure

Fuel and its delivery cost comprise the biggest expense in coal power plant operations. Delivery of electricity from generation to consumers requires investment in power lines and transmission grids. Placing a coal power plant or multiple power plants near dense population centers can lower transmission costs. If a coalmine is nearby, transportation costs can also be reduced. However, emissions from coal plants play a key role in worsening health crises in many countries. And coal upon combustion produces CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , CO, Metallic and Particle Matter (PM10 & PM2.5). The presence of these chemical compounds in the atmosphere in close vicinity to humans, livestock, and agriculture carries detrimental health consequences. The goal of the research was to develop a methodology to minimize the public’s exposure to harmful emissions from coal power plants while maintaining minimal operational costs related to electric distribution losses and coal logistics. The objective was...
发表评论
阅读全文

Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Continuous Use of a Home-Use High-Frequency Facial Treatment Appliance

At present, many home-use beauty devices are available in the market. In particular, many products developed for facial treatment use light, e.g., a flash lamp or a light-emitting diode (LED). In this study, the safety of 4 weeks’ continuous use of NEWA TM , a high-frequency facial treatment appliance, every alternate day at home was verified, and its efficacy was evaluated in Japanese individuals with healthy skin aged 30 years or older who complained of sagging of the facial skin.  Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin levels, erythema levels, sebum secretion levels, skin color changes and wrinkle improvement in the facial skin were measured before the appliance began to be used (study baseline), at 2 and 4 weeks after it had begun to be used, and at 2 weeks after completion of the 4-week treatment period (6 weeks from the study baseline). In addition, data obtained by subjective evaluation by the subjects themselves on a visual analog scale (VAS) were also analyzed. Fur...
发表评论
阅读全文