跳至主要内容

Regional Analysis of NASA Satellite Greenness Trends for Ecosystems of Arctic Alaska

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=49169#.VJJRIcnQrzE

Author(s)
Trends in the growing season MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) time-series were analyzed for the period from 2000 to 2010 to understand landscape-level patterns of vegetation change in ecosystems of arctic Alaska. We compared datasets for vegetation cover types, wetland cover classes, wildfire boundaries since the 1940s, permafrost type, and elevation to identify the most likely combination of factors driving regional changes in habitat quality and ecosystem productivity. Approximately 57% of all arctic ecosystem areas in Alaska were detected with significant (p < 0.05) positive or negative MODIS growing season EVI trends from 2000 to 2010. Nearly all (99%) of these ecosystem areas (covering 178,050 km2) were detected with significant positive growing season EVI trends. The vast majority of the arctic Alaska region detected with significant positive growing season EVI trends was classified as upland tundra cover, although non-forested wetlands (marshes, bogs, fens, and floodplains) were co-located on 8% of that area. Herbaceous wetlands were co-located on 55% of the total area detected with significant negative growing season EVI trends, mostly on the arctic coastal plain and foothills. This evidence supports the hypothesis that temperature (warming) has markedly enhanced the rates of upland tundra vegetation growth across most of arctic Alaska over recent years.
Cite this paper
Potter, C. (2014) Regional Analysis of NASA Satellite Greenness Trends for Ecosystems of Arctic Alaska. International Journal of Geosciences, 5, 997-1006. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2014.59085. 
 

[1] Jia, G.J., Epstein, H.E. and Walker, D.A. (2003) Greening of Arctic Alaska, 1981-2001. Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 2067.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018268
[2] Callaghan, T.V., Bjorn, L.O., Chapin III, F.S., Chernov, Y., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R., Johansson, M., Riedlinger, D.J., Jonasson, S., Matveyeva, N., Oechel, W., Panikov, N. and Shaver, G. (2005) Arctic Tundra and Polar Desert Ecosystems. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, Arctic Council, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 243-352.
[3] Reist, J.D., Wrona, F.J., Prowse, T.D., Power, M., Dempson, J.B., Beamish, R.J., King, J.R., Carmichael, T.J. and Sawatzky, C.D. (2006) General Effects of Climate Change on Arctic Fishes and Fish Populations. Ambio, 35, 370-380.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447(2006)35[370:GEOCCO]2.0.CO;2
[4] Martin, P.D., Jenkins, J.L., Adams, F.J., Jorgenson, M.T., Matz, A.C., Payer, D.C., Reynolds, P.E., Tidwell, A.C. and Zelenak, J.R. (2009) Wildlife Response to Environmental Arctic Change: Predicting Future Habitats of Arctic Alaska. Report of the Wildlife Response to Environmental Arctic Change (WildREACH): Predicting Future Habitats of Arctic Alaska Workshop, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks, 138 p.
[5] Markon, C.J., Trainor, S.F. and Chapin III, F.S., Eds. (2012) The United States National Climate Assessment—Alaska Technical Regional Report. US Geological Survey Circular, 148.
[6] Shulski, M. and Wendler, G. (2007) The Climate of Alaska. University of Alaska Press, Fairbanks, p. 214.
[7] Xu, L., Myneni, R.B., Chapin III, F.S., Callaghan, T.V., Pinzon, J.E., Tucker, C.J., Zhu, Z., Bi, J., Ciais, P., Tømmervik, H., Euskirchen, E.S., Forbes, B.C., Piao, S.L., Anderson, B.T., Ganguly, S., Nemani, R.R., Goetz, S., Beck, P.S.A., Bunn, A.G., Cao, C. and Stroeve, J.C. (2013) Temperature and Vegetation Seasonality Diminishment over Northern Lands. Nature Climate Change, 3, 581-586.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1836
[8] Zeng, H. and Jia, G. (2013) Impacts of Snow Cover on Vegetation Phenology in the Arctic from Satellite View. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 30, 1421-1432.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-012-2173-x
[9] Amiro, B.D., Chen, J.M. and Liu, J. (2000) Net Primary Productivity Following Forest Fire for Canadian Ecoregions. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 30, 939-947.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-025
[10] Epting, J. and Verbyla, D.L. (2005) Landscape Level Interactions of Pre-Fire Vegetation, Burn Severity, and Post-Fire Vegetation over a 16-Year Period in Interior Alaska. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 35, 1367-1377.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-060
[11] Cuevas-Gonzalez, M., Gerard, F., Balzter, H. and Riano, D. (2009) Analysing Forest Recovery after Wildfire Disturbance in Boreal Siberia Using Remotely Sensed Vegetation Indices. Global Change Biology, 15, 561-577.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01784.x
[12] Casady, G.M. and Marsh, S.E. (2010) Broad-Scale Environmental Conditions Responsible for Post-Fire Vegetation Dynamics. Remote Sensing, 2, 2643-2664.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs2122643
[13] Li, S. and Potter, C.S. (2012) Vegetation Regrowth Trends in Post Forest Fire Ecosystems across North America from 2000 to 2010. Natural Sciences, 4, 755-770.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2012.410100
[14] Potter, C., Li, S. and Crabtree, R. (2013) Changes in Alaskan Tundra Ecosystems Estimated from MODIS Greenness Trends, 2000 to 2010. Journal of Geophysics & Remote Sensing, 2, 107.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0049.1000107
[15] Goetz, S.J., Bunn, A.G., Fiske, G.J. and Houghton, R.A. (2005) Satellite Observed Photosynthetic Trends across Boreal North America Associated with Climate and Fire Disturbance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, 13521-13525.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0506179102
[16] Goetz, S.J., Fiske, G.J. and Bunn, A.G. (2006) Using Satellite Time-Series Data Sets to Analyze Fire Disturbance and Forest Recovery across Canada. Remote Sensing of Environment, 101, 352-365.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.01.011
[17] Kim, Y., Kimball, J.S., Zhang, K. and McDonald, K.C. (2012) Satellite Detection of Increasing Northern Hemisphere Non-Frozen Seasons from 1979 to 2008: Implications for Regional Vegetation Growth. Remote Sensing of Environment, 121, 472-487.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.02.014
[18] Heidinger, A.K., Ann, V.R. and Dean, C. (2002) Using MODIS to Estimate Cloud Contamination of the AVHRR Data Records. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 19, 586-601.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0586:UMTECC>2.0.CO;2
[19] Whitcomb, J., Moghaddam, M., McDonald, K., Kellndorfer, J. and Podest, E. (2009) Mapping Wetlands of Alaska from L-Band SAR Imagery. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 35, 54-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5589/m08-080
[20] LP-DACC: NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (2007) MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices Monthly L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG (MOD13C2), Version 005. USGS/Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls.
[21] Huete, A., Didan, K., Miura, T., Rodriquez, E., Gao, X. and Ferreira, L. (2002) Overview of the Radiometric and Biophysical Performance of the MODIS Vegetation Indices. Remote Sensing of Environment, 83, 195-213.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00096-2
[22] Friedl, M.A., McIver, D.K., Hodges, J.C.F., Zhang, X.Y., Muchoney, D., et al. (2002) Global Land Cover Mapping from MODIS: Algorithms and Early Results. Remote Sensing of Environment, 83, 287-302.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00078-0
[23] Ferrians, O.J. (1965) Permafrost Map of Alaska. US Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-445, Scale 1:2,500,000.
[24] Miller, J.A., Whitehead, R.L., Gingerich, S.B., Oki, D.S. and Olcott, P.G. (1999) Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 13, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands. US Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-730-N, 36 p.
[25] USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (2006) Land Resource Regions and Major Land Resource Areas (MRLAs) of the United States, the Caribbean and the Pacific Basin. US Department of Agriculture Handbook 296.
[26] Cowardin, L.M., Carter, V., Golet, F.C. and LaRoe, E.T. (1997) Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States. Office of Biological Services, Fish and Wildlife Service, FWS/OBS-79/31.
[27] Jorgenson, M.T., Shur, Y.L. and Pullman, E.R. (2006) Abrupt Increase in Permafrost Degradation in Arctic Alaska. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, Article ID: L02503.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024960
[28] Bowden, W.B., Gooseff, M.N., Balser, A., Green, A., Peterson, B.J. and Bradford, J. (2008) Sediment and Nutrient Delivery from Thermokarst Features in the Foothills of the North Slope, Alaska: Potential Impacts on Headwater Stream Ecosystems. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, Article ID: G02026.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000470
[29] Belshe, E.F., Schuur, E.A.G. and Grosse, G. (2013) Quantification of Upland Thermokarst Features with High Resolution Remote Sensing. Environmental Research Letters, 8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035016
[30] Racine, C.H., Jorgenson, M.T. and Walters, J.C. (1998) Thermokarst Vegetation in Lowland Birch Forests on the Tanana Flats, Interior Alaska, USA. In: Lewkowicz, A.G. and Allard, M., Eds., Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Permafrost, Quebec, 23-27 June 1998, 927-933.
[31] Tape, K., Sturm, M. and Racine, C. (2006) The Evidence for Shrub Expansion in Northern Alaska and the Pan-Arctic. Global Change Biology, 12, 686-702.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01128.x
[32] Beck, P.S.A. and Goetz, S.J. (2011) Satellite Observations of High Northern Latitude Vegetation Productivity Changes between 1982 and 2008: Ecological Variability and Regional Differences. Environmental Research Letters, 6, Article ID: 045501.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045501
[33] Hope, A.S., Kimball, J.S. and Stow, D.A. (1993) The Relationship between Tussock Tundra Spectral Reflectance Properties and Biomass and Vegetation Composition. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 14, 1861-1874.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431169308954008
[34] Sturm, M., Schimel, J., Michaelson, G., Welker, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Liston, G.E., Fahnestock, J. and Romanovsky, V.E. (2005) Winter Biological Processes Could Help Convert Arctic Tundra to Shrubland. Bioscience, 55, 17-26.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0017:WBPCHC]2.0.CO;2
[35] Oechel, W.C., Vourlitis, G.L., Hastings, S.J., Zulueta, R.C., Hinzman, L.D. and Kane, D.L. (2000) Acclimation of Ecosystem CO2 Exchange in the Alaskan Arctic in Response to Decadal Climate Warming. Nature, 406, 978-981.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35023137
[36] Johnstone, J., Russell, D.E. and Griffith, B. (1999) Variations in Plant Forage Quality in the Range of the Porcupine Caribou Herd. Rangifer, 22, 83-92.
[37] Wang, D., Morton, D., Masek, J., Wu, A., Nagol, J., Xiong, X., Levy, R., Vermote, E. and Wolfe, R. (2012) Impact of Sensor Degradation on the MODIS NDVI Time Series. Remote Sensing of Environment, 119, 55-61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.12.001            eww141218lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文