跳至主要内容

Optimization of Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol Using Simple Photocatalytic Reactor

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=48945#.VJjZTcCAM4

The phenol photocatalytic degradation was investigated using heterogeneous catalyst Ag-doped ZnO nanowires under UV irradiation. Ag-ZnO nanowires were immobilized on borosilicate glass via a simple hydrothermal technique. Preliminary photodegradation studies were performed with Ag-ZnO nanowires at various concentrations of phenol (10 - 60 mg/L) at undiluted pH. After determination of the optimal initial concentration (30 mg/L), additional parameters including pH and light intensity were investigated to optimize photodegradation of phenol for large-scale application. The experimental results illustrate that the kinetics of degradation of phenol are pseudo-first order. Based on the relationship, experimental model and empirical correlation were generated and compared for validity. The experimental data were found to fit a cubic model (linear in UV irradiation intensity, I, and cubic in pH), over ranges of 10 - 60 W (UV lamp power) and 2.7 - 11.0 (pH) with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9934. This model, of the form K(I, pH) = c00 + c10I + c01pH + c11IpH + c02pH2 + c12IpH2 + c03pH3 was found to yield a better fit than simpler (quadratic) or more complex (quartic) polynomial-based models considered. The model parameters cij and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were obtained.
Cite this paper
Udom, I. , Myers, P. , Ram, M. , Hepp, A. , Archibong, E. , Stefanakos, E. and Goswami, D. (2014) Optimization of Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol Using Simple Photocatalytic Reactor. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 5, 743-750. doi: 10.4236/ajac.2014.511083.
 

[1] Grabowska, E., Reszczyńska, J. and Zaleska, A. (2012) Mechanism of Phenol Photodegradation in the Presence of Pure and Modified-TiO2: A Review. Water Research, 46, 5453-5471.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.048
[2] Schmidt, R.J. (2005) Industrial Catalytic Processes—Phenol Production. Applied Catalysis A: General, 280, 89-103.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2004.08.030
[3] Udom, I., Ram, M.K., Stefanakos, E.K., Hepp, A.F. and Goswami, D.Y. (2013) One Dimensional-ZnO Nanostructures: Synthesis, Properties and Environmental Applications. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 16, 2070-2083.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2013.06.017
[4] Calace, N., Nardi, E., Petronio, B.M. and Pietroletti, M. (2002) Adsorption of Phenols by Papermill Sludges. Environmental Pollution, 118, 315-319.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00303-7
[5] Arques, A., Amat, A.M., García-Ripoll, A. and Vicente, R. (2007) Detoxification and/or Increase of the Biodegradability of Aqueous Solutions of Dimethoate by Means of Solar Photocatalysis. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 146, 447-452.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.04.046
[6] Acar, Y.B., Li, H. and Gale, R.J. (1992) Phenol Removal from Kaolinite by Electrokinetics. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 118, 1837-1852.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1992)118:11(1837)
[7] Rodgers, J.D., Jedral, W. and Bunce, N.J. (1999) Electrochemical Oxidation of Chlorinated Phenols. Environmental Science & Technology, 33, 1453-1457.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9808189
[8] Yang, G.C. and Long, Y.-W. (1999) Removal and Degradation of Phenol in a Saturated Flow by In-Situ Electrokinetic Remediation and Fenton-Like Process. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 69, 259-271.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(99)00059-X
[9] Whiteley, A.S. and Bailey, M.J. (2000) Bacterial Community Structure and Physiological State within an Industrial Phenol Bioremediation System. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66, 2400-2407.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.6.2400-2407.2000
[10] Al-Muhtaseb, A.H., Ibrahim, K.A., Al-badarin, A.B., Ali-Khashman, O., Walker, G.M. and Ahmad, M.N. (2011) Remediation of Phenol-Contaminated Water by Adsorption Using Poly(methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA). Chemical Engineering Journal, 168, 691-699.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.057
[11] Riser-Roberts, E. (1998) Remediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soils: Biological, Physical, and Chemical Processes. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420050578
[12] Pera-Titus, M., Garcia-Molina, V., Banos, M.A., Giménez, J. and Esplugas, S. (2004) Degradation of Chlorophenols by Means of Advanced Oxidation Processes: A General Review. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 47, 219-256.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2003.09.010
[13] Rosenfeldt, E.J. and Linden, K.G. (2004) Degradation of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Bisphenol A, Ethinyl Estradiol, and Estradiol during UV Photolysis and Advanced Oxidation Processes. Environmental Science & Technology, 38, 5476-5483.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es035413p
[14] Antonopoulou, M., Evgenidou, E., Lambropoulou, D. and Konstantinou, I. (2014) A Review on Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Removal of Taste and Odor Compounds from Aqueous Media. Water Research, 53, 215-234.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.028
[15] Gupta, V.K., Jain, R., Mittal, A., Saleh, T.A., Nayak, A., Agarwal, S. and Sikarwar, S. (2012) Photo-Catalytic Degradation of Toxic Dye Amaranth on TiO2/UV in Aqueous Suspensions. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 32, 12-17.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2011.08.018
[16] Devi, L.G. and Rajashekhar, K.E. (2011) A Kinetic Model Based on Non-Linear Regression Analysis Is Proposed for the Degradation of Phenol under UV/Solar Light Using Nitrogen Doped TiO2. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 334, 65-76.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2010.10.025
[17] Kavitha, V. and Palanivelu, K. (2004) The Role of Ferrous Ion in Fenton and Photo-Fenton Processes for the Degradation of Phenol. Chemosphere, 55, 1235-1243.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.12.022
[18] Udom, I., Zhang Y., Ram, M.K., Stefanakos, E.K., Hepp, A.F., Elzein, R., Schlaf, R. and Goswami, D.Y. (2014) A Simple Photolytic Reactor Employing Ag-Doped ZnO Nanowires for Water Purification. Thin Solid Films, 564, 258-263.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.05.057
[19] Shukla, P.R., Wang, S., Ang, H.M. and Tadé, M.O. (2010) Photocatalytic Oxidation of Phenolic Compounds Using Zinc Oxide and Sulphate Radicals under Artificial Solar Light. Separation and Purification Technology, 70, 338-344.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2009.10.018
[20] Pardeshi, S.K. and Patil, A.B. (2009) Effect of Morphology and Crystallite Size on Solar Photocatalytic Activity of Zinc Oxide Synthesized by Solution Free Mechanochemical Method. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 308, 32-40.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2009.03.023
[21] Chiou, C.H. and Juang, R.S. (2007) Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol in Aqueous Solutions by Pr-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149, 1-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.03.035
[22] Ollis, D.F., Pelizzetti, E. and Serpone, N. (1991) Photo-catalyzed Destruction of Water Contaminants. Environmental Science & Technology, 25, 1522-1529.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00021a001
[23] Lathasree, S., Rao, A.N., SivaSankar, B., Sadasivam, V. and Rengaraj, K. (2004) Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Mineralisation of Phenols in Aqueous Solutions. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 223, 101-105.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2003.08.032
[24] Akbal, F. and Onar, A.N. (2003) Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 83, 295-302.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022666322436                  eww141223lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

Does Immigration Promote the Investment of the Monopolistic Firm?

In the present paper, we examine the effect of increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth on the optimal timing of investment of a firm that has a monopolistic power over the labor market. It is revealed that when the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is more than a threshold level, increasing uncertainty of immigrants’ growth accelerates the optimal timing of firms’ investment and enhances the economic growth, even if the uncertainty of immigrants’ growth is formulated by the geometric Brownian motion, which is in sharp contrast to the standard result that an increase in the uncertainty postpones the optimal timing. With an increase in the immigrants over the past ten years, workforces in the host countries have been growing significantly to the extent that the immigrants represent 70% of the increase in the workforce in Europe, and 47% in the United States as OECD indicates. In the present paper, we attempted to investigate the effect of increased uncertainty caused by the growi...
发表评论
阅读全文

Education Policy Implementation: A Mechanism for Enhancing Primary Education Development in Zanzibar

Education is one of the fundamental rights of individuals; therefore, the government of a country needs to develop and strengthen educational policy and quality as well as to ensure that everyone has equal access to basic education. The improvement of access and quality of education in the world is becoming as an essential factor in development, whereas the basic education (primary school), is acknowledged as a foundation of the higher educational development for every country. To fulfill this goal, governments introduce several policies and procedures; however, it requires some reforms and participation from the politician, policymakers, and other stakeholders to re-examine educational policy so that it can lead to multiplication and betterment of the reforms. Educational reforms actually focus on accountability. A positive educational development and reform is very challenging and needs more effort and strategy on how to use and utilize the resources effectively as such it can achie...
发表评论
阅读全文