跳至主要内容

Floristic Composition, Diversity and Stand Structure of Tropical Forests in Popa Mountain Park

Read full paper at:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=52271#.VI-DHsnQrzE

Safeguarding biodiversity is an important component of the REDD+ scheme of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Information on tree species and their distribution is therefore needed for successful implementation of forestry carbon projects. Forest inventory data were collected in four natural forests located in Popa Mountain Park, Myanmar. Based on the data from 4-ha sample plots, average stem density ranges from 1293 trees ha-1 in dry dipterocarp forest to 804 tree ha-1 in dry evergreen forest. According to the Jackknife estimator for species richness (trees with DBH ≥ 5 cm), the highest number of species was recorded in dry mixed deciduous forest—74 species ha-1, and the lowest number of species recorded in dry forest—40 species ha-1. Dry mixed deciduous forest occupied the highest value on the Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson diversity index while the lowest was in dry forest, indicating that dry mixed deciduous forest is the most complex whereas dry forest is the simplest community. Not only does this study provide useful information on the current status of vegetation type but the information is important for designing forestry management systems that could result in biodiversity conservation and carbon emission reductions.
Cite this paper
Aye, Y. , Pampasit, S. , Umponstira, C. , Thanacharoenchanaphas, K. and Sasaki, N. (2014) Floristic Composition, Diversity and Stand Structure of Tropical Forests in Popa Mountain Park. Journal of Environmental Protection, 5, 1588-1602. doi: 10.4236/jep.2014.517150. 
 

[1] FAO (2010) Forests and Climate Change in the Asia-Pacific Region. Italy, 108.
[2] Farhadi, P., Soosani, J., Alijani, V. and Adeli, K. (2013) Comparison of the Quercus brantii and Pyrus glabra Boiss Species Structure in Zagros Forests (Case Study: Ghalehgol Forest, Khoramabad City, Iran). International Journal of Biological Sciences, 3, 210-217.
[3] Swaine, M.D. and Hall, J.B. (1983) Early Succession on Cleared Forest Land in Ghana. Journal of Ecology, 71, 601-627.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2259737
[4] Singh, J.S., Sahu, P.K. and Sagar, R. (2008) Tropical Forest Structure and Diversity in Relation to Altitude and Disturbance in a Biosphere Reserve in Central India. Applied Vegetation Science, 11, 461-470.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3170/2008-7-18537
[5] FAO (2009) State of World’s Forests. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), Italy, 168.
[6] Taylor, D., Hamilton, A.C., Lewis, S.L. and Nantale, G. (2008) Thirty-Eight Years of Change in a Tropical Forest: Plot Data from Mpanga Forest Reserve, Uganda. African Journal of Ecology, 46, 655-667.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2008.00955.x
[7] Thapa, S. and Chapman, D.S. (2010) Impacts of Resource Extraction on Forest Structure and Diversity in Bardia National Park, Nepal. Forest Ecology and Management, 259, 641-649.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.11.023
[8] FAO (2010) Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010. Main Report, Food and Agriculture Organization, Italy, 340.
[9] Thomas, C.D., Cameron, A., Green, R.E., Bakkenes, M., Beaumont, L.J., Collingham, Y.C., Erasmus, B.F.N., De Siqueira, M.F., Grainger, A., Hannah, L., Hughes, L., Huntley, B., Van Jaarsveld, A.S., Midgley, G.F., Miles, L., Ortega-Huerta, M.A., Peterson, A.T., Phillips, O.L. and Williams, S.E. (2004) Extinction Risk from Climate Change. Nature, 427, 145-148.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02121
[10] Sagar, R., Raghubanshi, A. and Singh, J. (2003) Tree Species Composition, Dispersion and Diversity along a Disturbance Gradient in a Dry Tropical Forest Region of India. Forest Ecology and Management, 186, 61-71.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00235-4
[11] FAO (2003) Tropical Secondary Forest Management in Africa: Reality and Perspectives. In: Workshop on Tropical Secondary Forest Management in Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
[12] Bello, A.G., Isah, A.D. and Ahmad, B. (2013) Tree Species Diversity Analysis of Kogo Forest Reserve in North-Western Nigeria. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 3, 189-196.
[13] Huang, W., Pohjonen, V., Johansson, S., Nashanda, M., Katigula, M.I. and Luukkanen, O. (2003) Species Diversity, Forest Structure and Species Composition in Tanzanian Tropical Forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 173, 11-24.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00820-9
[14] Aung, M., Khaing Swe, K., Oo, T., Kyaw Moe, K., Leimgruber, P., Allendorf, T., Duncan, C. and Wemmer, C. (2004) The Environmental History of Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary, a Protected Area in Myanmar (Burma). Journal of Environmental Management, 72, 205-216.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.04.013
[15] Allendorf, T., Swe, K.K., Oo, T., Htut, Y.E., Aung, M., Allendorf, K., Hayek, L., Leimgruber, P. and Wemmer, C. (2006) Community Attitudes toward Three Protected Areas in Upper Myanmar (Burma). Environmental Conservation, 33, 344-352.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0376892906003389
[16] Andam, K.S., Ferraro, P.J., Pfaff, A., Sanchez-Azofeifa, G.A. and Robalino, J. (2008) Measuring the Effectiveness of Protected Area Networks in Reducing Deforestation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 16089-16094.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800437105
[17] Kyi, Y.Y. (1992) Preliminary Report on Vegetation and Flora of Mount Popa. Yezin, Myanmar, 1-4.
[18] Kyi, Y.Y. and Moe, A.Z. (1997) Plant Biodiversity of Mount Popa (Part I). Yezin, Myanmar, 21.
[19] Suratman, M.N. (2012) Tree Species Diversity and Forest Stand Structure of Pahang National Park, Malaysia. In: Lameed, G.A., Ed., Biodiversity Enrichment in a Diverse World, 473-492.
[20] Htun, N.Z., Mizoue, N. and Yoshida, S. (2011) Classifying Tropical Deciduous Vegetation: A Comparison of Multiple Approaches in Popa Mountain Park, Myanmar. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 32, 8935-8948.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.531779
[21] FD (1981) Proposed Popa Mountain Park Master Plan 1982-1984. UNDP/FAO, Forest Department, Nature Conservation National Park Project, Vol. 43, FD (Forest Department): BUR/80/006, Rangoon.
[22] Htun, N.Z., Mizoue, N., Kajisa, T. and Yoshida, S. (2010) Deforestation and Forest Degradation as Measures of Popa Mountain Park (Myanmar) Effectiveness. Environmental Conservation, 36, 218-224.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0376892909990415
[23] Htun, N.Z., Mizoue, N. and Yoshida, S. (2013) Changes in Determinants of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Popa Mountain Park, Central Myanmar. Environmental Management, 51, 423-434.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-012-9968-5
[24] Kress, W.J., Defilipps, R.A., Farr, E. and Kyi, Y.Y. (2003) A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar.
[25] Heltshe, J.F. and Forrester, N.E. (1983) Estimating Species Richness Using the Jackknife. Biometrics, 39, 1-11.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2530802
[26] Simpson, E.H. (1949) Measurement of Diversity. Nature, 163, 688.
[27] Shannon, C.E. and Weaver, W.J. (1949) The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 117 p.
[28] Magurran, A.E. (1988) Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement. Croom Helm, London, 178.
[29] Curits, J.T. and McIntosh, R.P. (1951) An Upland Forest Continuum in the Prairie-Forest Border Region on Wisconsin. Ecology, 32, 476-496.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1931725
[30] De, A. (2007) Patterns of Plant Species Diversity in the Forest Corridor of Rajaji-Corbett National Parks, Uttaranchal, India. Current Science, 92, 90-93.
[31] Phillips, O.L. and Gentry, A.H. (1994) Increasing Turnover through Time in Tropical Forests. Science, 263, 954-958.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.263.5149.954
[32] Gillespie, T.W., Keppel, G., Pau, S., Price, J.P., Jaffré, T. and O’Neill, K. (2013) Scaling Species Richness and Endemism of Tropical Dry Forests on Oceanic Islands. Diversity and Distributions, 19, 896-906.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12036
[33] Homeier, J., Breckle, S., Sven, G., Rollenbeck, R.T. and Leuschner, C. (2010) Tree Diversity, Forest Structure and Productivity along Altitudinal and Topographical Gradients in a Species-Rich Ecuadorian Montane Rain Forest. Biotropica, 42, 140-148.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00547.x
[34] Kitamura, S., Suzuki, S., Yumoto, T., Chuailua, P., Plongmai, K., Poonswad, P., Noma, N., Maruhashi, T. and Suckasam, C. (2005) A Botanical Inventory of a Tropical Seasonal Forest in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand: Implications for Fruit-Frugivore Interactions. Biodiversity & Conservation, 14, 1241-1261.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-7848-x
[35] Lamprecht, H. (1989) Silviculture in the Tropics: Tropical Forest Ecosystems and Their Species-Possibilities and Methods for Their Long-Term Utilization. Deutsche Gesellschaft Fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Eschborn, 296.
[36] Kessler, M., Keßler, P.J.A., Gradstein, S.R., Bach, K., Schmull, M. and Pitopang, R. (2005) Tree Diversity in Primary Forest and Different Land Use Systems in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversity & Conservation, 14, 547-560.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-3914-7
[37] Bhat, P.R. and Kaveriappa, K.M. (2009) Ecological Studies on Myristica Swamp Forests of Uttara Kannada, Karnataka, India. Tropical Ecology, 50, 329-337.
[38] Attua, E.M. and Pabi, O. (2013) Tree Species Composition, Richness and Diversity in the Northern Forest-Savanna Ecotone of Ghana. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 69, 5437-5448.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v69i0.95069
[39] Kumar, J.I.N., Kumar, R.N., Bhoi, R.K. and Sajish, P.R. (2010) Tree Species Diversity and Soil Nutrient Status in Three Sites of Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest of Western India. Tropical Ecology, 51, 273-279.
[40] Tian, C.C., Jiang, X.L., Peng, H., Fan, P.F. and Zhou, S.B. (2007) Tree Species Diversity and Structure Characters in the Habitats of Black-Crested Gibbons (Nomascus concolor). Acta Ecologica Sinica, 27, 4002-4010.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2032(07)60089-4
[41] Rubin, B.D., Manion, P.D. and Faber-Langendoen, D. (2006) Diameter Distributions and Structural Sustainability in Forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 222, 427-438.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.049
[42] Cain, S.A. and de Oliviera Castro, G.M. (1959) Manual of Vegetative Analysis. 325 p.                                            eww141216lx
标签：

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

A Comparison of Methods Used to Determine the Oleic/Linoleic Acid Ratio in Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and food crop. It is also a cheap source of protein, a good source of essential vitamins and minerals, and a component of many food products. The fatty acid composition of peanuts has become increasingly important with the realization that oleic acid content significantly affects the development of rancidity. And oil content of peanuts significantly affects flavor and shelf-life. Early generation screening of breeding lines for high oleic acid content greatly increases the efficiency of developing new peanut varieties. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of methods used to classify individual peanut seed as high oleic or not high oleic. Three hundred and seventy-four (374) seeds, spanning twenty-three (23) genotypes varying in oil composition (i.e. high oleic (H) or normal/not high oleic (NH) inclusive of all four peanut market-types (runner, Spanish, Valencia and Virginia), were individually tested ...
发表评论
阅读全文

Location Optimization of a Coal Power Plant to Balance Costs against Plant’s Emission Exposure

Fuel and its delivery cost comprise the biggest expense in coal power plant operations. Delivery of electricity from generation to consumers requires investment in power lines and transmission grids. Placing a coal power plant or multiple power plants near dense population centers can lower transmission costs. If a coalmine is nearby, transportation costs can also be reduced. However, emissions from coal plants play a key role in worsening health crises in many countries. And coal upon combustion produces CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , CO, Metallic and Particle Matter (PM10 & PM2.5). The presence of these chemical compounds in the atmosphere in close vicinity to humans, livestock, and agriculture carries detrimental health consequences. The goal of the research was to develop a methodology to minimize the public’s exposure to harmful emissions from coal power plants while maintaining minimal operational costs related to electric distribution losses and coal logistics. The objective was...
发表评论
阅读全文

Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Continuous Use of a Home-Use High-Frequency Facial Treatment Appliance

At present, many home-use beauty devices are available in the market. In particular, many products developed for facial treatment use light, e.g., a flash lamp or a light-emitting diode (LED). In this study, the safety of 4 weeks’ continuous use of NEWA TM , a high-frequency facial treatment appliance, every alternate day at home was verified, and its efficacy was evaluated in Japanese individuals with healthy skin aged 30 years or older who complained of sagging of the facial skin.  Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin levels, erythema levels, sebum secretion levels, skin color changes and wrinkle improvement in the facial skin were measured before the appliance began to be used (study baseline), at 2 and 4 weeks after it had begun to be used, and at 2 weeks after completion of the 4-week treatment period (6 weeks from the study baseline). In addition, data obtained by subjective evaluation by the subjects themselves on a visual analog scale (VAS) were also analyzed. Fur...
发表评论
阅读全文